Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
43 results found
Article
Miliary lung nodules (mnemonic)
The list of differential diagnoses for miliary lung nodules can be recalled with the mnemonic:
TEMPEST
Mnemonic
TEMPEST
T: tuberculosis
E: eosinophilic granuloma
M: metastases (especially thyroid)
P: pneumoconiosis
E: extrinsic allergic alveolitis (now known as hypersensitivity pneumonit...
Article
Anterosuperior mediastinal mass (mnemonic)
The common causes of an anterosuperior mediastinal mass can be remembered by using the mnemonic:
5 Ts
Mnemonic
T: thymus
T: thyroid
T: thoracic aorta
T: terrible lymphoma
T: teratoma and germ cell tumors - see mediastinal germ cell tumors
Testicular cancer metastasis can represent a sixt...
Article
Conditions with lower lobe predominance (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for conditions with a lower lobe predominance in chest radiology include:
CIA
BAD AS
RASCO
Mnemonics
CIA
C: collagen vascular diseases
I: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
A: asbestosis
BAD AS
B: bronchiectasis
A: aspiration pneumonia
D: drugs; desquamative interstitial pneumon...
Article
Complications of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic to remember the complications of pulmonary interstitial emphysema is that the most common ones begin with:
pneum-
Mnemonic
pneumatocele
pneumothorax
pneumomediastinum
pneumoperitoneum
Article
Trauma CT thorax review areas (mnemonic)
Trauma CT thorax review areas are useful to reduce the potential for error, which is higher than usual given the larger number of images requiring review, and the often present time pressures and the potential presence of numerous concurrent injuries (see CT polytrauma).
Using some standard re...
Article
Interstitial lung disease without volume loss (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic to remember the causes of interstitial lung diseases which do not cause volume loss is:
LENT
Mnemonic
L: lymphangioleiomyomatosis
E: eosinophilic granuloma (pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
N: neurofibromatosis type 1
T: tuberous sclerosis
Article
Pulmonary cavity (mnemonic)
A particularly helpful mnemonic for causes of pulmonary cavities is:
CAVITY
Mnemonic
C: cancer
lung cancer: most frequently squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
cavitary pulmonary metastasis(es): most frequently SCC
A: autoimmune; granulomas from
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
rheumatoid ar...
Article
Chest radiograph preinterpretation (mnemonic)
A helpful mnemonic for chest radiograph preinterpretation is:
POPIRAM
Mnemonic
P: projection, PA (Posterior-Anterior) or AP (Anterior-Posterior)? left lateral or right lateral?
O: orientation, determine left and right of the chest x-ray
P: penetration (of the x-ray), under- or over-penetrat...
Article
Endobronchial metastases (mnemonic)
Primary neoplasms which may result in endobronchial metastases may be memorized by utilizing the following mnemonic:
Kiss My RBC 1
Mnemonic
K: Kaposi sarcoma
M: melanoma
R: renal cell carcinoma
B: breast cancer
C: colorectal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, carcinoid
See also
endobronchi...
Article
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (mnemonic)
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are diffuse interstitial lung diseases of unknown cause. A useful mnemonic for the American Thoracic Society-European Respiratory Society (ATS-ERS) classification of IIPs is:
All Idiopathic Chronic Lung Disease aRe Nonspecifically Patterned
The mnemoni...
Article
Sonographic approach to dyspnea (mnemonic)
This mnemonic will help with the sonographic approach to the critically ill patient with dyspnea:
CHEST
Mnemonic
C: collapsed lung (pneumothorax)
absence of anterior lung sliding, lung pulse, B-lines, or z-lines
these artifacts arise from the pleural interface; their presence would rule ou...
Article
DeBakey classification (mnemonic)
A mnemonic used to remember the DeBakey classification 1 is:
BAD
Mnemonic
B: both ascending and descending aorta (type I)
A: ascending aorta (type II)
D: descending aorta (type III)
See also
Stanford classification of aortic dissection
DeBakey classification
Article
Pulmonary nodules with air bronchograms (mnemonic)
A helpful mnemonic for causes of pulmonary nodules with air bronchograms is:
OBALLS
Mnemonic
OBALLS
O: organizing pneumonia
B: bronchoalveolar carcinoma (adenocarcinoma)
A: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
L: lymphoma
L: lipoid pneumonia
S: sarcoidosis
Another consideration i...
Article
Lower lobe fibrosis (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember differentials causing lower lobe fibrosis or predominant lower lobe fibrosis.
SAB-IPM
IPAS-BM
Mnemonic
SAB-IPM
S: systemic sclerosis and other connective tissue diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis)
A: aspiration, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asbestosis
B: bronchi...
Article
Bronchovascular spread (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember diseases that undergo bronchovascular spread is:
SKILL
Mnemonic
S: sarcoidosis
K: Kaposi sarcoma
I: infection (e.g. pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis)
L: lymphoma
L: lymphangitis carcinomatosis
Article
Causes of air trapping on high-resolution CT chest (mnemonic)
Mnemonics to remember the causes of air trapping on HRCT chest are:
HSBC
Mnemonic
H: hypersensitivity pneumonitis
S: sarcoidosis
B: bronchiolitis obliterans
C: cystic fibrosis/bronchiectasis
A useful way to remember the mnemonic is recalling that once you are with HSBC, you are "trapped" ...
Article
Lung carcinoma doubling time (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the lung carcinoma doubling time, in order of increasing time, is:
SMS LA
Mnemonic
SM: small cell lung cancer - 30 days
S: squamous cell carcinoma (lung) - 90 days
L: large cell cancer of lung - 120 days
A: adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung - 150-180 days
Article
Focal pulmonary opacity (mnemonic)
Causes of focal pulmonary opacities on a chest radiograph can be remembered using the rather crude mnemonic:
4 Fs
Mnemonic
F: 'fection (pulmonary infection)
F: 'farction (pulmonary infarction)
F: fluid (pulmonary edema)
F: f***ed (lung cancer)
Article
Bronchopulmonary segments (mnemonic)
Mnemonics to remember the bronchopulmonary segments are:
A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm (right lung)
ASIA ALPS (left lung)
Mnemonics
'A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm'
right upper lobe
A: apical segment
P: posterior segment
A: anterior segment
middle lobe
L: lateral segment...
Article
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis diagnostic criteria (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the diagnostic criteria of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is:
THRALL PVC
Mnemonic
T: tuberous sclerosis
H: HRCT characteristic or compatible lung findings of LAM
RA: renal angiomyolipoma
L: lymphatic malformations
L: lung biopsy-proven LAM
P: pneumothorax
V: V...
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