Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,983 results found
Article
Mastectomy
Mastectomy is a surgical treatment for breast cancer in which the entire breast tissue is removed through a surgical procedure as opposed to a wide local excision. Sometimes, adjacent structures, such as lymph nodes, are removed to prevent recurrence or metastasis. In some cases, mastectomy is d...
Article
Miliary tuberculosis
Miliary tuberculosis is an uncommon pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis.
Pathology
Miliary tuberculosis represents hematogenous dissemination of uncontrolled tuberculous infection and carries a relatively poor prognosis. It is seen in primary and post-primary tuberculosis and may be associ...
Article
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis through drinking unpa...
Article
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction (c.2019) is a phenomenon which has been associated with the use of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. It could be mistaken for metastatic disease in some situations.
See also
drug induced lung disease
immune checkpoi...
Article
Pneumatocele
Pneumatoceles are intrapulmonary gas-filled cystic spaces that can have a variety of sizes and appearances. They usually occur as a result of pneumonia or in neonates as the result of a ventilator-induced lung injury. They should not be mistaken for a cavitating lung mass.
Epidemiology
Althou...
Article
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a distinct subgroup of pulmonary hypertension that most frequently develops following massive or repeated pulmonary embolism.
Terminology
The term CTEPH should be used for patients with chronic thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypert...
Article
Traumatic pneumatocoele
A traumatic pneumatocoele is caused by a compression-decompression force which causes a burst injury. Elastic recoil creates a cavity which may contain gas and blood.
Terminology
Traumatic pneumatocele is synonymous with pulmonary laceration.
Epidemiology
They tend to occur in children and ...
Article
Solitary fibrous tumor of the thorax
Solitary fibrous tumors of the thorax are rare pleural-based tumors that account for <5% of all primary pleural tumors 16. While their behavior is variable, they are typically indolent, benign-behaving tumors. Locally aggressive features with malignant transformation, into undifferentiated sarco...
Article
Paraesophageal hernia
Paraesophageal hernias (POH), or rolling hiatus hernias, are an uncommon type of hiatus hernia representing ~10% of all hiatus hernias.
Clinical presentation
Can vary and can include:
asymptomatic
gastro-esophageal reflux disease
substernal, post-prandial chest pain
epigastric pain
dysp...
Article
Kartagener syndrome
Kartagener syndrome (also known as Kartagener-Afzelius syndrome) is a subset of primary ciliary dyskinesia, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by abnormal ciliary structure or function, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of primary ciliary dyski...
Article
Unilateral hypertransradiant hemithorax
Unilateral hypertransradiancy is the correct term for the chest radiograph appearance of decreased attenuation affecting one lung. Hyperlucency is a commonly used alternative but is inaccurate; the chest is not penetrated by light!
An outside-in approach is helpful to identify the cause:
techn...
Article
Whole-body CT (protocol)
CT polytrauma/multitrauma, also called trauma CT, whole body CT (WBCT) or panscan, is an increasingly used investigation in patients with multiple injuries sustained after significant trauma.
The majority of the evidence regarding whole-body CT is, understandably, retrospective. There is some e...
Article
Empyema necessitans
Empyema necessitans (also sometimes spelled as empyema necessitatis) refers to the extension of an empyema out of the pleural space and into the neighboring chest wall and surrounding soft tissues.
Pathology
It may either occur due to the virulence of the organism or may be facilitated by prev...
Article
Fetal lung interstitial tumor
Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT) is a proposed designation for a rare primary lung mass detected prenatally or when the patient is up to 3 months old.
Epidemiology
Fetal lung interstitial tumors have a slight predominance in boys 1.
Clinical presentation
It can present with varying degre...
Article
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma, also known as malignant mesothelioma, is an aggressive malignant tumor of the mesothelium. Most tumors arise from the pleura, and so this article will focus on pleural mesothelioma.
Given the presence of the mesothelium in different parts of the body, mesothelioma can arise in var...
Article
Pulmonary laceration
Pulmonary lacerations result from frank laceration of lung parenchyma secondary to trauma. There is almost always concurrent contusion.
Epidemiology
Contusions and lacerations follow blunt or penetrating chest trauma, and are almost always seen with other chest (and abdominal) injuries. While ...
Article
Bochdalek hernia
Bochdalek hernias , also known as pleuroperitoneal hernias, (alternative plural: herniae) are the commonest type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. They occur posteriorly and are due to a defect in the posterior attachment of the diaphragm when there is a failure of pleuroperitoneal membrane cl...
Article
Three attenuation pattern
The three attenuation pattern or three density pattern was formerly known as the head cheese sign and refers to the presence of well-defined areas of decreased, normal, and increased attenuation on inspiratory CT 6.
Pathology
The resultant mosaic is due to lobular air-trapping with reflex hypo...
Article
Tularemia
Tularemia is a rare and highly virulent febrile zoonotic bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis, which has been developed as a bioweapon by several countries. It can infect the skin and mucous membranes, lungs and intestine and cause systemic disease and death. Tularemia is a notif...
Article
Thymic epithelial tumors
Thymic epithelial tumors are rare tumors arising from thymus in anterior mediastinum of middle age patients, these tumors encompass thymomas, invasive thymomas and thymic carcinoma. Despite their relative rarity, they are the most common primary neoplasm of the thymus and anterosuperior mediasti...
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