Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,465 results found
Article
Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin (sarcoma) that originate from the soft tissues rather than bone. They are classified on the basis of tissue seen on histology. The more common sarcomas in the adult and pediatric populations are listed below...
Article
Cecal volvulus
Cecal volvulus describes torsion of the cecum around its mesentery which often results in obstruction. If unrecognised, it can result in bowel perforation and fecal peritonitis.
Epidemiology
Cecal volvulus accounts for ~10% of all intestinal volvuluses, and generally occur in somewhat younger ...
Article
Ileostomy
An ileostomy is a surgical method in which a loop of the distal small bowel is connected and opened through the outer abdominal wall to artificially create a connection and bypass the large bowel.
Pathology
Types
There are two types of ileostomies:
permanent end ileostomy
A permanent end il...
Article
Ileovesicostomy
Ileovesicostomy (also known as "cutaneous ileocystostomy", "ileal chimney", or "bladder chimney") is an uncommon urologic diversion in which a loop of small bowel is anastomosed/augmented to the dome of the bladder. This loop of bowel then exits through a urostomy. The diversion is not continent...
Article
Superior rectal artery
The superior rectal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the rectum down to the level of the levator ani 2.
Summary
origin: the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery is the superior rectal artery
course: descends into the pelvic cavity in the sigmoid mesocolon, crossing the ...
Article
Stoma
A stoma (plural stomata) is defined as an artificially created connection between two hollow organs or a hollow organ and the skin. A surgical procedure that involves the creation of a stoma carries the suffix "-ostomy".
For a discussion of imaging features and potential complications, please r...
Article
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a low-grade destructive metastasizing PEComatous tumor 1 resulting from the proliferation of LAM cells in the lung, kidney and axial lymphatics. The disease is caused by mutations of the TSC2 or TSC1 genes and is more commonly sporadic rather than inherited. Cys...
Article
Gastric antral web
Gastric antral webs are a ring of mucosa in the distal stomach (gastric antrum) that can lead to gastric outlet obstruction. A circumferential ring of mucosa has also been termed a "gastric antral diaphragm".
Epidemiology
Gastric antral webs are rare. There is an association with trisomy 21 an...
Article
Lesser sac
The lesser sac or omental bursa is a potential peritoneal space within the abdomen, part of the peritoneal cavity.
Gross anatomy
The lesser sac may be conceptualized as the space posterior to the lesser omentum, between the posterior wall of the stomach and the surface of the peritoneum that ...
Article
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, also known as Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by 1:
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
bone marrow hypoplasia (cyclic neutropenia)
Epidemiology
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rar...
Article
Peritoneal loose body
Peritoneal loose bodies or peritoneal mice are calcified pieces of necrotic tissue found in the peritoneal cavity. They are usually asymptomatic and small, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 cm in size, but rarely may be up to 5 to 10 cm in size.
Clinical presentation
Loose bodies are usually asymptomat...
Article
Epiploic appendagitis
Epiploic appendagitis is a rare self-limiting ischemic/inflammatory process that affects the appendices epiploicae of the colon and may either be primary or secondary to adjacent pathology. This article pertains to primary (spontaneous) epiploic appendagitis. The term, along with omental infarct...
Article
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, frequently referred to as pancreatic cancer, makes up the vast majority (~90%) of all pancreatic neoplasms and remains a disease with a very poor prognosis and high morbidity.
Epidemiology
Pancreatic cancer accounts for 22% of all deaths due to gastrointestina...
Article
Epiphrenic diverticulum
Epiphrenic diverticula are pulsion diverticula of the distal esophagus arising just above the lower esophageal sphincter, more frequently on the right posterolateral wall.
They are less frequent than traction mid esophageal diverticula but may have more clinical relevance.
Clinical presentat...
Article
Double beak sign
The double beak sign refers to the sharp tapering of two adjacent intestinal loops when a closed loop obstruction is caused by an internal hernia. The marked reduction in caliber results in distension of the small bowel loops within the hernia sac, as well as the upstream bowel.
History and ety...
Article
Closed loop obstruction
Closed loop obstructions are a specific type of bowel obstruction in which two points along the course of the bowel are obstructed, usually but not always the transition points are adjacent at a single location. The closed loop refers to a segment of bowel without proximal or distal outlets for ...
Article
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as bleeding proximal to the ligament of Treitz.
Epidemiology
The incidence of acute upper GI bleeding is ~100 per 100,000 adults per year. Upper GI bleeding is twice as common in men as in women and increases in prevalence with age 5. The demog...
Article
Left gastric artery
The left gastric artery (LGA) is the smallest and first branch of the celiac artery.
Gross anatomy
The left gastric artery passes superiorly over the left crus of the diaphragm, approaching the esophageal opening of the diaphragm, giving off an esophageal branch to the distal esophagus, then...
Article
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in adults. CT is the mainstay for colon cancer locoregional staging and MRI is the mainstay for rectal cancer locoregional staging.
This article focuses on co...
Article
Colonic pseudo-obstruction
Colonic pseudo-obstruction, also known as Ogilvie syndrome, is a potentially fatal condition leading to an acute colonic distention without an underlying mechanical obstruction. It is defined as an acute pseudo-obstruction and dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction....
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