Articles
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16,896 results found
Article
Amyloid myopathy
Amyloid myopathy results from the extracellular deposition of the fibrous protein amyloid within the musculoskeletal system and is a musculoskeletal manifestation of amyloidosis, particularly in patients on long-term haemodialysis. It could coexist with amyloid arthropathy.
See also
amyloidosi...
Article
Radialis indicis artery
The radialis indicis artery is a branch of the radial artery in the hand that supplies the radial aspect of the index finger (2nd digit). It arises from the radial artery in the palm just after the origin of the princeps pollicis artery. The artery courses distally along the radial (lateral) pal...
Article
Subcutaneous emphysema
Subcutaneous emphysema (also known commonly, although less correctly, as surgical emphysema), strictly speaking, refers to gas in the subcutaneous tissues. But the term is generally used to describe any soft tissue emphysema of the body wall or limbs since the gas often dissects into the deeper ...
Article
AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphomas are one of the immunodeficiency-associated CNS lymphomas, and in Western countries represented a dramatic increase in primary CNS lymphoma during the HIV/AIDS epidemic of the 1980s, although the incidence is likely lower in patients treated with antire...
Article
Bronchogenic cyst
Bronchogenic cysts are congenital malformations of the bronchial tree (a type of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation). They can present as a mediastinal mass that may enlarge and cause local compression. It is also considered the commonest of foregut duplication cysts.
Epidemiology
Bronchoge...
Article
Pooping duck sign
Pooping duck sign indicates the presence of a triquetral fracture on a lateral wrist radiograph, where an avulsed fracture fragment from the dorsal cortex of the triquetrum projects along the dorsal aspect of the osseous structures of the wrist.
In this sign, the fracture fragment represents th...
Article
Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Osmotic demyelination syndrome refers to acute demyelination seen in the setting of osmotic changes, typically with the rapid correction of hyponatremia. It is the preferred term replacing central pontine myelinolysis, recognizing that extrapontine structures can also be affected, previously kno...
Article
Endocervical microcalcifications
Endocervical microcalcifications can often be an incidental finding and may represent part of the same spectrum of endometrial microcalcifications. They are generally favored benign 1.
They may be seen as tiny echogenic foci in the endocervical region on ultrasound.
See also
endocervical osse...
Article
Notochord
The notochord represents the earliest fetal axial skeleton, extending from the Rathke pouch to the coccyx. It is a primitive cell line from which the skull base and vertebral column develop. The notochord is cylindrical and is replaced by sclerotomes that produce cartilage, and subsequently bone...
Article
Bilateral thalamic glioma
Bilateral thalamic gliomas are rare but characteristic low-grade astrocytomas that occur in both children and young adults.
Clinical presentation
Presentation may vary with age. Young children with bilateral thalamic glioma often have signs of increased intracranial pressure and movement disor...
Article
Muscle tear
Muscle tears or strains are common injuries, both in athletes and non-athletes.
Terminology
Muscle strain is a term that is used variably clinically and in the medical literature. The Munich consensus statement (expert level evidence) states muscle tear is the preferred term denoting "structu...
Article
Intramuscular lipoma
Intramuscular lipomas are deep-seated lipomas located within a muscle.
Terminology
Intramuscular lipomas share the term ‘infiltrating lipoma’ with intermuscular lipomas.
Epidemiology
Intramuscular lipomas account for about 1% of all lipomas and occur in all age groups with the most occurring...
Article
Endometrial microcalcifications
Endometrial microcalcifications can arise from a vast range pathologies but are usually of benign in etiology. They can also occur in the endocervical region (see - endocervical microcalcifications 1)
Epidemiology
They have an increased incidence with older age, postmenopausal state, atrophic ...
Article
Intercalary bone
Intercalary bones are common discal ossifications that are usually triangular in morphology, found in the anterior annular fibers of an intervertebral disc, and are thought to be degenerative in etiology.
Differential diagnosis
limbus vertebra
flexion or extension teardrop fracture
Article
Cacosmia
Cacosmia refers to a form of olfactory dysfunction where the patient has an inability to "recognize" smells. It can arise from a number of pathologies and can include peripheral sinonasal and central sensorineural components. In this situation, the patient knows there is a smell but cannot disti...
Article
Garland triad
Garland triad, also known as the 1-2-3 sign or pawnbroker's sign, is a lymph node enlargement pattern on chest radiographs which has been described in sarcoidosis:
right paratracheal nodes
right hilar nodes
left hilar nodes
Hilar lymphadenopathy is symmetrical and usually massive. These so-c...
Article
Bird beak sign (esophagus)
The bird's beak sign of the esophagus is used to refer to the tapering of the inferior esophagus in achalasia. The same appearance is also referred to as the rat's tail sign.
The appearance, although classically occurring in primary achalasia, can also occur in pseudoachalasia due to a gastric ...
Article
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles are type of permanent embolization agent used in interventional radiological procedures.
Mechanism of action
When injected, PVA particles adhere ot the vessel wall, activating the coagulation cascade and leading to vessel occlusion by provoking thrombus format...
Article
H-shaped vertebra
H-shaped vertebrae, also known as Lincoln log vertebrae, are a characteristic finding of sharply delimited central endplate depression, classically seen in approximately 10% of patients with sickle cell disease, and results from microvascular endplate infarction (Figure 1) 3.
It may occasionall...
Article
Thumb sign (chordoma)
The thumb sign or thumbing of the pons is described in chordomas as is meant to be relatively specific. It is seen in midline sagittal projection as a projection of the tumor indenting the pons 1,2.
See also
thumb sign (disambiguation)
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