Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,883 results found
Article
Meniscal tear
Meniscal tears are the failure of the fibrocartilaginous menisci of the knee. There are several types and can occur in an acute or chronic setting. Meniscal tears are best evaluated with MRI.
Pathology
Acute meniscal tears occur after the rotatory trauma of the knee, whereas chronic degenerati...
Article
Tumefactive perivascular spaces
Tumefactive perivascular spaces are a rare finding of enlargement of perivascular spaces. It is important to recognize this condition as it can be easily mistaken for a neoplasm and also rarely local mass effect from TPVS can result in a complication.
Clinical presentation
Small case series of...
Article
Occipital condyle fracture
Occipital condylar fractures are uncommon injuries usually resulting from high-energy blunt trauma. They are considered a specific type of basilar skull fracture, and importantly can be seen along with craniocervical dissociation.
Treatment of isolated injury is generally conservative, unless t...
Article
CSF flow studies
CSF flow studies are performed using a variety of MRI techniques and are able to qualitatively assess and quantify pulsatile CSF flow. The most common technique used is time-resolved 2D phase-contrast MRI with velocity encoding.
Note, when referring to CSF flow in the context of imaging we are...
Article
Dandy-Walker continuum
Dandy-Walker continuum, also referred to as Dandy-Walker spectrum or Dandy-Walker complex, corresponds to a group of disorders believed to represent a continuum spectrum of posterior fossa malformations, characterized by inferior vermian hypoplasia and incomplete formation of the fourth ventricl...
Article
Dandy-Walker malformation
Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is the most common posterior fossa malformation, characterized by the triad of:
hypoplasia of the vermis and cephalad rotation of the vermian remnant
cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle extending posteriorly
enlarged posterior fossa with torcular-lambdoi...
Article
Distal phalanx fracture
Distal phalanx fractures are among the most common fractures in the hand.
They represent > 50% of all phalangeal fractures and frequently involve the ungual tuft 1.
They are frequently related to sports, with lesions such as the mallet finger and the Jersey finger. When associated with a crus...
Article
Isolated inferior vermian hypoplasia
Isolated inferior vermian hypoplasia (IIVH) is a congenital malformation characterized by partial absence of the inferior portion of the cerebellar vermis.
Terminology
Previously the term Dandy-Walker variant was used to describe cystic malformations of the posterior fossa that did not meet th...
Article
Dandy-Walker variant
Dandy-Walker variant (DWV) is a historical term previously used to describe posterior fossa cystic malformations that did not meet the criteria for Dandy-Walker malformation. However, the use of the term is non-specific and highly discouraged 1. Please refer to isolated inferior vermian hypoplas...
Article
Patellar tendon-lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome
Patellar tendon-lateral femoral condyle friction syndrome, also known as Hoffa fat pad impingement syndrome, is a common cause of anterior knee pain in active individuals. It is thought to be due to patellar maltracking or imbalance of the forces between medial and lateral vastus muscles, causin...
Article
Fat pad impingement syndromes of the knee
In fat pad impingement syndromes, the etiologies are different for each knee fat pad.
In anterior suprapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome, the cause is usually due to either a developmental cause related to the anatomy of the extensor mechanism or may be related to abnormal mechanics. In thi...
Article
Sarcoidosis (thoracic manifestations)
Pulmonary and mediastinal involvement of sarcoidosis is extremely common, seen in over 90% of patients with sarcoidosis. Radiographic features are variable depending on the stage of the disease.
For a general discussion, please refer to the parent article: sarcoidosis.
Epidemiology
Pulmonary...
Article
Chance fracture
Chance fractures also referred to as seatbelt fractures, are flexion-distraction type injuries of the spine that extend to involve all three spinal columns. These are unstable injuries and have a high association with intra-abdominal injuries.
Pathology
Mechanism
Chance fracture is also known...
Article
Breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment category 3
BI-RADS 3 is an intermediate category in the breast imaging reporting and data system. A finding placed in this category is considered probably benign, with a risk of malignancy of > 0% and ≤ 2%4.
Terminology
BI-RADS 3 should not be utilized in the screening setting. It should be reserved for ...
Article
Dorsal intercalated segment instability
Dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) is a form of carpal instability featuring dorsal tilt of the lunate. It occurs mainly after the disruption of the scapholunate ligament and is more often encountered than volar intercalated segment instability (VISI).
Clinical presentation
radial ...
Article
Volar intercalated segment instability
Volar intercalated segment instability (VISI) is a type of carpal instability featuring volar tilt of the lunate. It is less often encountered than dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI).
Clinical presentation
VISI presents in most cases with nonspecific wrist pain and a "clunking" wit...
Article
Myositis ossificans
Myositis ossificans is the most common form of heterotopic ossification, usually within large muscles. Its importance stems in large part from its ability to mimic more aggressive pathological processes. Myositis ossificans is one of the skeletal “don’t touch” lesions.
Some conditions are relat...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (B)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter B and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Nephrostomy
Nephrostomy is a common urologic or interventional radiology procedure in which a tube/catheter is introduced into the renal collecting system (usually the renal pelvis).
Nephrostomies can either be
"open" nephrostomy: after a urological surgical procedure, such as a UPJ stone removal
these t...
Article
Circle of Willis
The Circle of Willis is an arterial polygon (heptagon) formed as the internal carotid and vertebral systems anastomose around the optic chiasm and infundibulum of the pituitary stalk in the suprasellar cistern. This communicating pathway allows equalization of blood-flow between the two sides of...
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