HIV/AIDS (CNS manifestations)

Changed by Rohit Sharma, 24 Jan 2018

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The CNS manifestations of HIV/AIDS (neuroAIDS) occur secondary to a wide range of neurodegenerative, infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic processes.

Epidemiology

Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, there has been a shift in the epidemiology of CNS manifestations of HIV in Western developed countries, with a decline in the incidence of opportunistic infections ^2,3.

Pathology

HIV/AIDS affects the CNS by one of four mechanisms:

direct consequence of the HIV virus
opportunistic infections
neoplasms in the immunocompromised host
treatment-related complications

Direct consequences

HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs)
- HIV-associated dementia with findings appreciable on MRI (previously known as AIDS dementia complex)
HIV vascular myelopathy

~~-<li><a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-1">cryptococcosis</a></li>~~
+<li><a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-2">cryptococcosis</a></li>

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