Klatskin tumor
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View Mohammad Taghi Niknejad's current disclosures- Klatskin tumours
- Klatskin tumor
- Klatskin tumor's
- Klatskin's tumor
- Klatskin's tumour
- Klatskin's tumours
- Klatskin's tumors
- Hilar cholangiocarcinoma
- Hilar cholangiocarcinomas
- Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Klatskin tumor is a term that was traditionally given to a hilar (perihilar) cholangiocarcinoma, occurring at the bifurcation of the common hepatic duct. Typically, these tumors are small, poorly differentiated, exhibit aggressive biologic behavior, and tend to obstruct the intrahepatic bile ducts.
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Epidemiology
They are thought to account for up to 25% of all cholangiocarcinomas 1.
Pathology
Classification
Prognostic staging is defined by the TNM system: perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (staging).
The Bismuth-Corlette system is an anatomic classification well known by surgeons used for preoperative assessment.
Radiographic features
For general imaging features of a cholangiocarcinoma, refer to the main article.
Ultrasound
The presence of a hilar mass with obstruction would raise concern on ultrasound. The reported echotexture according to one study 5:
- increased echogenicity relative to surrounding liver ~80%
- reduced echogenicity ~20%
- mixed echogenicity ~2%
Ultrasound may also show an intraluminal mass extending into the bile duct and in a small proportion of cases (4%), there may also be evidence of bile duct wall thickening.
CT
CT demonstrates the intrahepatic biliary radical dilatation. The tumor mass itself is ill-defined and usually invisible, but hilar necrotic lymph nodes or hepatic metastatic deposits can be identified.
MRI/MRCP
MRCP with its 3D capability is superior to CT to delineate the degree and location of the biliary tree stricture. It is the gold standard method for diagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Shouldering and abrupt tapering at the stricture site suggests the diagnosis. Identifying the exact location and involvement can help in preoperative classification.
History and etymology
It is named after Gerald Klatskin (1910-86), American pathologist, New York.
Differential diagnosis
Imaging differential considerations include:
- biliary inflammatory pseudotumor: can be indistinguishable on imaging 6
- hepatic tuberculosis 8
- autoimmune cholangitis 9
- benign fibrosing disease at the hepatic confluence 10
- hepatocellular carcinoma 11
- gallbladder carcinoma (invading the bile duct) 12
See also
Quiz questions
References
- 1. Kanne JP, Rohrmann CA, Lichtenstein JE. Eponyms in radiology of the digestive tract: historical perspectives and imaging appearances. Part 2. Liver, biliary system, pancreas, peritoneum, and systemic disease. Radiographics. 26 (2): 465-80. doi:10.1148/rg.262055130 - Pubmed citation
- 2. Smout JL, Bellemans MA, Van herreweghe W. Klatskin tumors: radiological and imaging findings in eleven patients. J Belge Radiol. 1991;74 (3): 177-81. - Pubmed citation
- 3. Vogl TJ, Schwarz WO, Heller M et-al. Staging of Klatskin tumours (hilar cholangiocarcinomas): comparison of MR cholangiography, MR imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Eur Radiol. 2006;16 (10): 2317-25. doi:10.1007/s00330-005-0139-4 - Pubmed citation
- 4.Chen HW, Pan AZ, Zhen ZJ et-al. Preoperative evaluation of resectability of Klatskin tumor with 16-MDCT angiography and cholangiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186 (6): 1580-6. doi:10.2214/AJR.05.0008 - Pubmed citation
- 5. Yeung EY, Mccarthy P, Gompertz RH et-al. The ultrasonographic appearances of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumours). Br J Radiol. 1988;61 (731): 991-5. doi:10.1259/0007-1285-61-731-991 - Pubmed citation
- 6. Knowlton JQ, Taylor AJ, Reichelderfer M et-al. Imaging of biliary tract inflammation: an update. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190 (4): 984-92. doi:10.2214/AJR.07.3033 - Pubmed citation
- 7.Pauls S, Juchems MS, Brambs HJ. Radiological diagnosis of Klatskin's tumour. Radiologe. 2005;45 (11): 987-8, 990-2. doi:10.1007/s00117-005-1271-5 - Pubmed citation
- 8. R Arora, A Sharma, P Bhowate, et al. Hepatic tuberculosis mimicking Klatskin tumor: A diagnostic dilemma. (2008) Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. 51 (3): 382. doi:10.4103/0377-4929.42517 - Pubmed
- 9. A Shingina, D Owen, C Zwirewich, B Salh. Autoimmune cholangitis mimicking a klatskin tumor: a case report. (2011) Journal of Medical Case Reports. 5 (1): 485. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-485 - Pubmed
- 10. PC Verbeek, DJ Leeuwen van, LT Wit de, JW Reeders, NJ Smits, A Bosma, K Huibregtse, MN der Heyde van. Benign fibrosing disease at the hepatic confluence mimicking Klatskin tumors. (1992) Surgery. 112 (5): 866. Pubmed
- 11. Menias CO, Surabhi VR, Prasad SR, et al. Mimics of cholangiocarcinoma: spectrum of disease. (2008) Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 28 (4): 1115-29. doi:10.1148/rg.284075148 - Pubmed
- 12. Senthil Kumar, M. P., Marudanayagam, R.. Klatskin-Like Lesions. (2012) HPB Surgery. 2012: 107519. doi:10.1155/2012/107519 - Pubmed
Incoming Links
- Klatskin tumor
- Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
- Klatskin tumour - hilar cholangiocarcinoma
- Metastatic Klatskin tumour with tumour thrombus of the portal vein
- Cholangiocarcinoma - hilar type
- Klatskin tumour
- Klatskin tumour
- Klatskin tumour
- Klatskin tumour
- Bile duct stricture
- Klatskin tumour - hilar cholangiocarcinoma
- Klatskin tumour
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- benign epithelial tumors
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cholangiocarcinoma
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vascular and perfusion disorders
- portal vein related
- hepatic artery related
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- other
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- infra diaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease)
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pancreatic neoplasms
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pancreatic neoplasms
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- bile ducts inflammation
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- other gallbladder abnormalities
- bile duct dilatation (differential)
- bile duct wall thickening (differential)
- bile ducts neoplasms
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