Labyrinthitis ossificans
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Labyrinthitis ossificans (LO), also known as labyrinthine ossification, represents pathological ossification of the membranous labyrinth as a response to an insult to the inner ear.
Clinical presentation
It is usually associated with profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Pathology
ItThe disorder is most commonly results from an inflammatory processthe end result of the inner earprior suppurative labyrinthitis, but it can be associated witheither related to otomastoiditis (tympanogenic etiology) or meningitis (meningogenic etiology) 1,5,6,7. Other causes include temporal bone trauma, temporal bones tumours surgery or autoimmune inner eartrauma1,5, and sickle cell disease5.
Radiographic features
CT
High-density bone deposition within the membranous labyrinth:
- mild LO: hazy increase in density within fluid spaces of the membranous labyrinth
- moderate LO: focal areas of bony encroachment on fluid spaces of the membranous labyrinth
- severe LO: membranous labyrinth completely obliterated by bone replacing fluid spaces
MRI
- T2: may show low-intensity foci within high signal fluid of inner ear
Treatment and prognosis
It may complicate or preclude cochlear implantation.
Differential diagnosis
Possible imaging differential considerations include:
-<p><strong>Labyrinthitis ossificans (LO)</strong>, also known as <strong>labyrinthine ossification</strong>, represents pathological ossification of the <a href="/articles/membranous-labyrinth">membranous labyrinth </a>as a response to an insult to the <a href="/articles/inner-ear">inner ear</a>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>It is usually associated with profound <a href="/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss">sensorineural hearing loss</a>. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>It most commonly results from an inflammatory process of the inner ear, but it can be associated with <a href="/articles/temporal-bone-1">temporal bone</a> trauma, temporal bones tumours or autoimmune inner ear disease.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>CT</h5><p>High-density bone deposition within the membranous labyrinth:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Labyrinthitis ossificans (LO)</strong>, also known as <strong>labyrinthine ossification</strong>, represents pathological ossification of the <a href="/articles/membranous-labyrinth">membranous labyrinth </a>as a response to an insult to the <a href="/articles/inner-ear">inner ear</a>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>It is usually associated with profound <a href="/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss">sensorineural hearing loss</a>. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The disorder is most commonly the end result of prior suppurative labyrinthitis, either related to <a href="/articles/chronic-otomastoiditis">otomastoiditis</a> (tympanogenic etiology) or <a href="/articles/leptomeningitis">meningitis</a> (meningogenic etiology) <sup>1,</sup><sup>5,6,7</sup>. Other causes include <a href="/articles/temporal-bone-1">temporal bone</a> surgery or <a href="/articles/temporal-bone-fracture-1">trauma</a> <sup>1,5</sup>, and sickle cell disease <sup>5</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>CT</h5><p>High-density bone deposition within the membranous labyrinth:</p><ul>
References changed:
- 5. Buch K, Baylosis B, Fujita A, Qureshi MM, Takumi K, Weber PC, Sakai O. Etiology-Specific Mineralization Patterns in Patients with Labyrinthitis Ossificans. (2019) AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. 40 (3): 551-557. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5985">doi:10.3174/ajnr.A5985</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792250">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 6. Booth TN, Roland P, Kutz JW, Lee K, Isaacson B. High-resolution 3-D T2-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of labyrinthitis ossificans: emphasis on subtle cochlear involvement. (2013) Pediatric radiology. 43 (12): 1584-90. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-013-2747-5">doi:10.1007/s00247-013-2747-5</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23843131">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 7. Becker TS, Eisenberg LS, Luxford WM, House WF. Labyrinthine ossification secondary to childhood bacterial meningitis: implications for cochlear implant surgery. (1984) AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. 5 (6): 739-41. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6437175">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
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