Markowitz and Manson classification system of naso-orbitoethmoid fractures

Last revised by Francis Deng on 27 Jun 2021

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data

Citation:

Hacking C, Deng F, Weerakkody Y, Markowitz and Manson classification system of naso-orbitoethmoid fractures. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 19 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-42077

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-42077

Permalink:

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/42077

rID:

42077

Article created:

5 Jan 2016, Craig Hacking ◉ ◈

Disclosures:

At the time the article was created Craig Hacking had no recorded disclosures.

View Craig Hacking's current disclosures

Last revised:

27 Jun 2021, Francis Deng ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was last revised Francis Deng had no recorded disclosures.

View Francis Deng's current disclosures

Revisions:

4 times, by 3 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures

Systems:

Head & Neck

Sections:

Classifications

Tags:

cases

Synonyms:

naso-orbitoethmoid fractures: Markowitz and manson classification system

The Markowitz and Manson classification system categorizes fractures of the naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex as follows ¹:

type I - in which the medial canthal tendon is intact and connected to a single large fracture fragment
type II - the fracture is comminuted, and the medial canthal tendon is attached to a single bone fragment
type III - comminution extends to the medial canthal tendon insertion site on the anterior medial orbital wall at the level of the lacrimal fossa, with resultant avulsion of the tendon