Metastases to testis
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Metastases to testis are a rare cause of a testicular mass and may be bilateral in up to 15% of patients.
Epidemiology
Metastases to the testes are apparent in ~0.04% of autopsy studies in patients with known malignancy. The average age is 57 years, much older than the primary age for primary testicular cancer 2.
Pathology
Aetiology
In adults sources are:
- prostate (most common)
- lung
- malignant melanoma
- colorectal cancer
- renal cell carcinoma
- bladder cancer
- thyroid cancer
- oesophageal adenocarcinoma 4
- pancreatic adenocarcinoma 5
- gastric carcinoma 6
- upper tract urothelial carcinoma (rare) 7
- lymphoma/leukaemia 8
- hepatocellular carcinoma 9
In children, sources include:
See also
-<a title="Lymphoma" href="/articles/lymphoma">lymphoma</a>/l<a title="Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia" href="/articles/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia">eukaemia</a> <sup>8</sup>- +<a href="/articles/lymphoma">lymphoma</a>/l<a href="/articles/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia">eukaemia</a> <sup>8</sup>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a title="Hepatocellular carcinoma" href="/articles/hepatocellular-carcinoma">hepatocellular carcinoma</a><sup> 9</sup>
References changed:
- 9. Wang CH, Yang S. Testicular metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma. (2006) International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association. 13 (7): 1033-4. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01470.x">doi:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01470.x</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882085">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
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