Optic neuropathy is a broad term and can result from a variety of causes.
Pathology
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genetic
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compression or trauma (traumatic optic neuropathy)
shear injury
skull hyperostosis (e.g. due to hypovitaminosis A) 3
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infiltration or neoplasm
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paraneoplastic
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nutritional or toxic
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inflammation (optic neuritis)
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infection
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non-infective
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vascular
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non-arteritic-anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) (most common)
non-arteritic posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (very rare)
arteritic posterior ischemic optic neuropathy
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radiation-induced