Fetal akinesia sequence

Last revised by Joshua Yap on 2 Oct 2022

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data

Citation:

Weerakkody Y, Yap J, Whitehead H, et al. Fetal akinesia sequence. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 19 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-13889

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-13889

Permalink:

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/13889

rID:

13889

Article created:

28 May 2011, Yuranga Weerakkody ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was created Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures.

View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosures

Last revised:

2 Oct 2022, Joshua Yap ◉ ◈

Disclosures:

At the time the article was last revised Joshua Yap had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.

View Joshua Yap's current disclosures

Revisions:

5 times, by 5 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures

Systems:

Obstetrics

Tags:

cases

Synonyms:

Fetal akinesia deformation sequence
Fetal akinesia / hypokinesia sequence
Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS)
Fetal akinesia / hypokinesia sequence (FAHS)
Pena Shokeir syndrome type I
Fetal akinesia - hypokinesia syndrome
Fetal akinesia - hypokinesia syndromes
FAS

A fetal akinesia sequence is an event that can occur with a lack of fetal movement (fetal akinesia). This results in:

fetal joint contractures: arthrogryposis
pulmonary hypoplasia
polyhydramnios ³
craniofacial anomalies ³
- micrognathia ⁶

central or peripheral neuropathic processes
- congenital or secondary to in utero infective insult
congenital myopathies
- glycogen storage diseases (particularly types IV and VII)
- fetal acetylcholine receptor subunit mutations
- nemaline myopathy ⁴
intrauterine exposure to immobilizing substances
connective tissue or cutaneous conditions (restrictive dermatopathy) limiting fetal movement
external movement limiting factors
- twin pregnancy
- oligohydramnios/anhydramnios
- uterine anomalies
- large uterine fibroid

References

1. Schumacher R, Seaver LH, Spranger J. Fetal Radiology, A Diagnostic Atlas. Springer Verlag. (2011) ISBN:3642035590. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
2. Rodeck CH, Whittle MJ. Fetal medicine, basic science and clinical practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. (2008) ISBN:0443104085. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
3. Yfantis H, Nonaka D, Castellani R et-al. Heterogeneity in fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS): autopsy confirmation in three 20-21-week fetuses. Prenat. Diagn. 2002;22 (1): 42-7. Prenat. Diagn. (link) - Pubmed citation
4. Lammens M, Moerman P, Fryns JP et-al. Fetal akinesia sequence caused by nemaline myopathy. Neuropediatrics. 1997;28 (2): 116-9. doi:10.1055/s-2007-973683 - Pubmed citation
5. Giordano G, Gnetti L, Froio E et-al. Early fetal akinesia deformation sequence: a case report with unusual autoptic features. J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2005;17 (5): 349-52. doi:10.1080/14767050500133425 - Pubmed citation
6. Davis JE, Kalousek DK. Fetal akinesia deformation sequence in previable fetuses. Am. J. Med. Genet. 1988;29 (1): 77-87. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320290110 - Pubmed citation
7. Donker ME, Eijckelhof BH, Tan GM et-al. Serial postural and motor assessment of Fetal Akinesia Deformation Sequence (FADS). Early Hum. Dev. 2009;85 (12): 785-90. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.10.008 - Pubmed citation
8. Usta IM, Abumusa AA, Khoury NG et-al. Early ultrasonographic changes in Fowler syndrome features and review of the literature. Prenat. Diagn. 2005;25 (11): 1019-23. doi:10.1002/pd.1240 - Pubmed citation
9. Nemec SF, Höftberger R, Nemec U et-al. Fetal akinesia and associated abnormalities on prenatal MRI. Prenat. Diagn. 2011;31 (5): 484-90. doi:10.1002/pd.2724 - Pubmed citation