Renal cell carcinoma staging (TNM)
Dr Yuranga Weerakkody and Dr Vinod G Maller et al.
Renal cell carcinoma staging using the TNM staging system for renal cell carcinoma. Older but still widely used system in some practices is the Robson staging system.
TNM staging
T
-
T1
- T1a - limited to kidney <4 cm
- T1b - limited to kidney >4 cm, < 7 cm
- T2 - limited to kidney >7 cm
-
T3 - tumour / tumour thrombus extension into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into ipsilateral adrenal gland or beyond Gerota's fascia
- T3a - spread to renal vein
- T3b - spread to infra diaphragmatic IVC
- T3c - spread to supra diaphragmatic IVC or invades the wall of the IVC
- T4 - involves ipsilateral adrenal gland or invades beyond Gerota's fascia
N
- N0 - no nodal involvement
- N1 - regional lymph node involved
M
- M0 - no distant metastases
- M1 - distant metastases
Stage groupings
- stage I - T1 N0 M0
- stage II - T2 N0 M0
- stage III - everything between stage II and IV
- stage IV - T4, any N, any M
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