Staphyloma

Staphyloma is the term given to an eye whose sclero-uveal coats are stretched (aka ectasia). This most commonly occurs posteriorly, athough anterior staphyloma also is recognised.

Posterior staphyloma

• progressive myopia (aka mega myope) most common cause.
• glaucoma
• scleritis
• necrotizing infection
• surgery / trauma
• radiotherapy)

Anterior staphyloma

Seen seconday to inflammation or infection of the sclero-corneal lining of the eye. 

Radiographic appearance

• increased eye size
• focal deformity (not as marked as coloboma) - usually posterior
• non-enhancing uveo-sclera

Differential diagnosis

• Buphthalmos (congenital glaucoma)
• Axial myopia
• Macrophthalmus (seen in NF1)
• Coloboma