The differential diagnosis for a terminal ileitis is quite extensive, and includes:
-
inflammatory bowel disease
- Crohn disease (most common)
- backwash ileitis due to ulcerative colitis
-
infectious colitis
-
Yersinia spp.
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- Salmonella spp.
- Clostridioides difficile
- typhlitis (neutropenic enterocolitis)
- Mycobacterial spp.
- Actinomycosis
- Anisakiasis
- Cytomegalovirus
- Histoplasma capsulatum
-
Yersinia spp.
- spondyloarthropathies
- small bowel ischemia
- radiation enteritis
- vasculitides
- small-bowel neoplasms
- adenocarcinoma of the small bowel (or cecum)
- lymphoma: lymphoma of terminal ileum
- carcinoid tumor
- metastatic cancer
- drug-related
- NSAID enteropathy: isolated terminal ileal ulcerations (ITIU)
- other drugs: potassium chloride tablets, parenteral gold therapy, oral contraceptives, ergotamine, digoxin, diuretics, antihypertensives
- infiltrative
- endometriosis
- lymphoid nodular hyperplasia