Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum predominantly caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused Mycobacterium bovis. It can involve a host of organs and can have many manifestetions which include
- pulmonary tuberculosis
- cardiac tuberculosis
- CNS tuberculosis
- tuberculous otomastoiditis
- tuberculous lymphadenopathy
- skeletal tuberculosis
- abdomino-pelvic tuberculosis
- Pott's disease
- tuberculoma
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Epidemiology
Although TB continues to be very common in developing nations, in western industrialised populations it has become uncommon, but is increasing in prevalence among immunocompromised patients, particularly those with AIDS. An estimated 5% HIV patients have Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, which become clinically apparent when CD4+ counts drop to below 350 cells/mm3, typically with findings of post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis 2.
