Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,873 results found
Article
Peritoneal hydatidosis
Peritoneal hydatidosis occurs secondary to the seeding of echinococcosis into the peritoneum, usually secondary to the rupture of hydatid disease of the liver.
Pathology
Seeding involves the entire peritoneum and gives appearance of a multiloculated mass.
Classification
Peritoneal hydatidos...
Article
Gadolinium contrast agents
Gadolinium-based contrast media (GBCM), gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), or simply gadolinium contrast agents, are molecular complexes containing the rare earth metal gadolinium, chelated to a carrier ligand. They are a type of paramagnetic contrast agent, which are the primary class of...
Article
Asymmetry of the lateral ventricles
The lateral ventricles occasionally show small side to side differences in size on CT or MRI of the brain. This asymmetry of the lateral ventricles (ALV) is an anatomic variant in most cases.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of asymmetry in lateral ventricle size in those without evidence of underl...
Article
Thoracic actinomycosis infection
Thoracic actinomycosis refers to an uncommon indolent infection caused principally by the genus Actinomyces (higher prokaryotic bacteria belonging to the family Actinomyceataceae).
Epidemiology
While it is rare in general, the thoracic form actinomycosis constitutes ∼15% of the total burden of...
Article
Facial fractures
Facial fractures are commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma at moderate or high levels of force. Such injuries may be sustained during a fall, physical assault, motor vehicle collision, or gunshot wound. The facial bones are thin and relatively fragile, making them susceptible to injury....
Article
Pneumatosis coli
Pneumatosis coli is a descriptive sign presenting radiographically as intramural gas limited to the colonic wall.
Terminology
There are different terminologies in the medical literature, such as pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumatosis coli, and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. Pneumatosis in...
Article
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a dystrophinopathy and the most common muscular dystrophy.
Epidemiology
Duchenne muscular dystrophy has an incidence of 1 in 3500 to 5000 males 1,2. The condition is extremely rare in females due to its inheritance pattern, as discussed below 1.
Clinical p...
Article
Positive ulnar variance
Positive ulnar variance describes where the distal articular surface of the ulna is more than 2.5 mm distal to the articular surface of the radius.
It plays important role in wrist pathology such as ulnar impaction syndromes and thinning of the triangular fibrocartilage complex.
Radiographic ...
Article
Metacarpal fracture
Metacarpal fractures are common accounting for 10% of all fractures and 40% of all hand fractures.
Terminology
Specific names are given to fractures of the base of the first metacarpal (see: fractures of the thumb):
Bennett fracture dislocation
Rolando fracture
epibasal thumb fracture
gam...
Article
Radiology (journal)
Radiology is a peer-reviewed monthly journal published by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and its first edition was issued in September 1923 1.
Its current editor is David A Bluemke. It was recently announced that Linda Moy, an American breast radiologist, had been appointed as...
Article
Tibiotalar angle
The tibiotalar angle is between the anatomic axis of the tibia and the superior articular surface of the talar dome. Differently from the talar tilt, the tibiotalar angle uses the tibial longitudinal axis instead of the distal articular surface as a tibial reference point.
Usage
The tibiotalar...
Article
Revised PIOPED criteria for diagnosis of pulmonary embolus
The revised PIOPED criteria for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolus indicate the probability of pulmonary emboli based on findings on V/Q scan (ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy). The following article reflects the revised interpretation criteria promulgated in 1993 1 based on retrospective anal...
Article
Pregnancy of uncertain viability
Pregnancy of uncertain viability (PUV) is a term given to an intrauterine pregnancy in a situation where there are not enough criteria (usually on ultrasound grounds) to confidently categorize an intrauterine pregnancy as either viable or a failed pregnancy.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
...
Article
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is defined as that occurring distal to the ligament of Treitz (i.e. from the jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum or anus) and presenting as either hematochezia (bright red blood/clots or burgundy stools) or melena.
Epidemiology
The incidence of lower gastrointe...
Article
Acromial types
The shape of the acromion had been initially divided into three types (which was known as the Bigliani classification) 3, to which a fourth has been added 2. They are used as a standardized way of describing the acromion, as well as predicting to a degree the incidence of impingement.
Classifi...
Article
Greenstick fracture
Greenstick fractures are incomplete fractures of long bones and are usually seen in young children, more commonly less than 10 years of age. They are commonly mid-diaphyseal, affecting the forearm and lower leg. They are distinct from torus fractures.
Pathology
Mechanism
Greenstick fractures ...
Article
Little leaguer's elbow
The little leaguer's elbow was initially coined to describe medial epicondyle avulsion, but now it refers to a range of acquired elbow abnormalities in a skeletally immature patient engaged in overhead sports such as tennis, baseball, etc.
Epidemiology
It occurs in skeletally immature athletes...
Article
Rigler sign (bowel)
The Rigler sign, also known as the double-wall sign, is a sign of pneumoperitoneum seen on an abdominal radiograph when gas is outlining both sides of the bowel wall, i.e. gas within the bowel's lumen and gas within the peritoneal cavity. It is seen with large amounts of pneumoperitoneum (>1000 ...
Article
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: HRCT chest approach
The approach to HRCT chest in patients with suspected idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is with the aim to:
make sure an appropriate study requested i.e. HRCT chest with optimal individually adjusted protocol and ensure adequacy of the HRCT chest quality (see imaging protocol below)
meti...
Article
Protoplasmic astrocytoma (historical)
Protoplasmic astrocytoma is a historical term previously applied to an uncommon variant of diffuse adult-type astrocytomas.
Terminology
The term was removed in the updated 4th edition (2016) of the WHO classification of CNS tumors, with these tumors folded into what is now referred to as astro...
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