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Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

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Urethral duplication

Urethral duplication is a rare condition in which either a part of the entire urethra is duplicated. It usually occurs in the sagittal plane, and the more dorsal copy is usually the duplication. Pathology Urethral duplications may occur due to a variety of developmental anomalies. In females, ...

Prostate MRI (an approach)

Prostate MRI has become an increasingly frequent examination faced in daily radiological practice and is mainly conducted for the detection, active surveillance and staging of prostate cancer. This approach is an example of how to create a radiological report of a prostate MRI (usually mpMRI) wi...

Internal pudendal artery

The internal pudendal artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery and is the primary supply of the perineum. It is a larger vessel in males than in females and is usually the smallest branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. Summary origin: ant...

St. Anne-Mayo grading system of astrocytomas (historical)

The St. Anne-Mayo grading system, also known as the Daumas-Duport grading system, introduced in 1988 was for a time a popular system for grading diffuse astrocytomas but has now been replaced by the WHO grading system which, however, was derived from the St Anne-Mayo system and thus shares many ...

WHO grading system for diffuse astrocytomas

The WHO grading system is the most widely used system for grading diffuse astrocytomas (c.2022). It is an adaptation of the now-superseded St Anne-Mayo grading system (also known as the Daumas-Duport grading system). Classification Grade 1 is reserved for localized astrocytomas (see WHO class...

Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (diagnostic radiology)

Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (FCPS) is a specialty fellowship diploma awarded by the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) in 73 disciplines including diagnostic radiology after successful completion of 4-5 years of training and intervening three-phase exami...

Hemiplegic migraine

Hemiplegic migraines are an uncommon type of migraine with aura wherein patients present with usually reversible motor weakness, typically unilateral. They can be challenging to distinguish from seizure with Todd paresis or ischemic stroke, even with the benefit of MRI 1. Epidemiology Compared...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), is an extremely common condition in elderly males and a major cause of bladder outflow obstruction. Terminology The term benign prostatic hypertrophy was formerly used for this condition, but since histology...

Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma, also known as malignant mesothelioma, is an aggressive malignant tumor of the mesothelium. Most tumors arise from the pleura, and so this article will focus on pleural mesothelioma. Given the presence of the mesothelium in different parts of the body, mesothelioma can arise in var...

Left hemicolectomy

Left hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure in which splenic flexure, descending colon, and a portion of the sigmoid colon are removed for radical treatment of various pathologies affecting the descending colon. Indications colon cancer inflammatory bowel disease isolated left diverticular di...

Listeria rhombencephalitis

Listeria rhombencephalitis is a particular form of listerial encephalitis that affects primarily the hindbrain (brainstem and cerebellum). Listeria monocytogenes, an anaerobic bacterium, is cited as the most common etiology for rhombencephalitis, typically seen in the elderly, and resulting in s...

Line of Klein

The line of Klein describes an arbitrary line drawn along the superior edge of the femoral neck on the frontal projection, which is useful in detecting early slipped upper femoral epiphysis in adolescents. The line should normally intersect the lateral aspect of the superior femoral epiphysis. ...

Pelviureteric junction obstruction

Pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction/stenosis, also known as ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction/stenosis, can be one of the causes of obstructive uropathy. It can be congenital or acquired with a congenital pelviureteric junction obstruction being one of the commonest causes of antenat...

Cardiac strain imaging

Strain imaging is a cardiac imaging technique that detects ventricular deformation patterns and functional abnormalities before they become obvious as regional wall motion abnormalities on conventional cine imaging or echo. It has become more popular lately due to several technological improveme...

Habenula

The habenula is located anterolateraly to the pineal gland, posteromedial to the thalamus and is part of the epithalamus. It measures 5 to 9 mm in size 1,3. The habenula has traditionally been divided into lateral (limbic) and medial (motor) parts, although the lateral part can be further divide...

Intradural spinal lipoma

Intradural lipomas are a subset of spinal lipomas. They are typically intradural, subpial, juxtamedullary lesions 1 although they have occasionally been reported as entirely intramedullary lesions 2. Mature fatty tissue within the spinal dura can be seen in a number of entities: lipomyelocele/...

Pulmonary laceration

Pulmonary lacerations result from frank laceration of lung parenchyma secondary to trauma. There is almost always concurrent contusion. Epidemiology Contusions and lacerations follow blunt or penetrating chest trauma, and are almost always seen with other chest (and abdominal) injuries. While ...

Parkinson disease

Parkinson disease (PD), also known as idiopathic Parkinson disease (iPD), is a neurodegenerative disease and movement disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity and hypokinesia due to progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Epidemiology Parkinson dise...

Rectouterine pouch

The rectouterine pouch (TA: excavatio rectouterina 3), also known as the rectovaginal pouch, cul-de-sac or pouch of Douglas, is an extension of peritoneum between the posterior wall of uterus and the rectum in females. It is the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity and is analogous to th...

Epidermal inclusion cyst

Epidermal inclusion cysts or epidermal cysts are common cutaneous lesions that represent proliferation of squamous epithelium within a confined space in the dermis or subdermis. Terminology These are occasionally termed sebaceous cysts, although this is a misnomer as the lesion does not origin...

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