Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,873 results found
Article
Hemiplegic migraine
Hemiplegic migraines are an uncommon type of migraine with aura wherein patients present with usually reversible motor weakness, typically unilateral. They can be challenging to distinguish from seizure with Todd paresis or ischemic stroke, even with the benefit of MRI 1.
Epidemiology
Compared...
Article
Disc bulge
A disc bulge represents displacement of the outer fibers of the annulus fibrosus beyond the margins of the adjacent vertebral bodies, involving more than one-quarter (25% or 90°) of the circumference of an intervertebral disc 3. Because it is limited by the annulus fibrosus it does not extend ab...
Article
Chordoma
Chordomas are uncommon malignant tumors of the axial skeleton that account for 1% of intracranial tumors and 4% of all primary bone tumors.
They originate from embryonic remnants of the primitive notochord (earliest fetal axial skeleton, extending from the Rathke's pouch to the tip of the cocc...
Article
Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is primarily due to the narrowing of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis, which results in myocardial ischemia and is the leading cause of mortality globally.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of coronary artery disease is based on typical imaging criteria either ...
Article
Anterior suprapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome
Anterior suprapatellar (quadriceps) fat pad impingement syndrome is a controversial cause of anterior knee pain although anterior suprapatellar fat pad edema may often, and possibly more commonly, be incidental or considered an anatomical variant 1,2,11.
Clinical presentation
Patients present...
Article
Lateral trochlear inclination
Lateral trochlear inclination (LTI) is the inclination angle between the femoral trochlea and a posterior condylar tangential line 1.
Usage
The lateral trochlear inclination angle is used in the assessment of trochlear dysplasia, a dysplastic deformity of the distal femur, which is a known ris...
Article
Gastropericardial fistula
Gastropericardial fistulas are rare abnormal communications between the stomach and the pericardial sac. This is a life-threatening condition that can lead to impaired cardiac function, sepsis and eventually death.
Clinical presentation
Patients with gastropericardial fistula may present with ...
Article
CT cystography
CT cystography is a variation of the traditional fluoroscopic cystogram. Instead of anterograde opacification of the urinary collecting system (as with CT urography), contrast is instilled retrograde into the patient's bladder, and then the pelvis is imaged with CT.
Indications
suspected bladd...
Article
Critical zone in rotator cuff tendons
The critical zone of the rotator cuff is an area approximately 8-15 mm from the insertion of the rotator cuff tendons onto the greater tubercle of the humeral head, mainly within the supraspinatus tendon. This is a watershed zone between the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral, thoracoacro...
Article
Broca's area
Broca's area (Brodmann areas 44 and 45) is an area of the lateral frontal lobe in the dominant hemisphere concerned with the production of speech.
Gross anatomy
Broca's area is located in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis (Brodmann area 44) and pars triangularis (Brodmann ...
Article
Cortical desmoid
Cortical desmoids, also known as cortical avulsive injuries, Bufkin lesion or distal femoral cortical defects/irregularities, are a benign self-limiting entity that are common incidental findings. This is a classic "do not touch" lesion, and should not be confused with an aggressive cortical/per...
Article
Calcineurin-inhibitor induced pain syndrome
Calcineurin-inhibitor-induced pain syndrome (CIPS) describes a reversible acute pain syndrome that occurs in patients with transplants taking calcineurin inhibitors as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent transplant rejection 1. The most common calcineurin inhibitors prescribed following organ t...
Article
Excessive dynamic airway collapse
Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) refers to a dynamic form of central airway obstruction characterized by a decrease of ≥50% (publications suggest >70%) in the cross-sectional area of the tracheobronchial lumen. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by dynamic cross-sectional imaging studies or ...
Article
Common hepatic duct
The common hepatic duct (CHD) is formed by the right and left hepatic ducts junction. It joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct (CBD). It is approximately 4 cm long and 4 mm in diameter, typically.
Together with the cystic duct (laterally) and cystic artery (superiorly), they form ...
Article
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNTs) are rare, usually midline, tumors that involve the fourth ventricle and/or aqueduct of Sylvius.
Although relatively well-circumscribed on MRI and clinically indolent, they often invade surrounding tissues, involving the cerebellum, pons and even the ...
Article
Reye syndrome
Reye syndrome is a rare pediatric condition characterized by acute onset encephalopathy, severe vomiting and fatty liver failure. It typically presents in children recovering from a viral illness, most commonly influenza or chickenpox 1.
Epidemiology
Reye syndrome is usually seen between the ...
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS lupus), also known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), describe a very diverse range of neuropsychiatric manifestations that are secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the central nervous...
Article
Myocardium
The myocardium defines the middle layer of the cardiac wall between the endocardium and the pericardium and forms the muscular part of the heart.
Gross anatomy
The myocardium represents the middle layer of the cardiac wall. It is located between the endocardium and the epicardial layer of the ...
Article
Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation
Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation is characterized by a fracture of the radial head, dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and rupture of the antebrachial interosseous membrane 3.
Epidemiology
As little as 20% of Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocations are recognized at the time of initial...
Article
Meningeal hemangiopericytoma (historical)
Hemangiopericytomas of the meninges are rare tumors of the meninges, now considered to be an aggressive form of solitary fibrous tumors of the dura. They often present as large and locally aggressive dural masses, frequently extending through the skull vault. They are difficult to distinguish on...
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