Search results for “COPD”
26 results found
Article
Heat-related illness
Heat-related illnesses are on the increase due to increasing global temperatures. The normal physiological response to excessive heat is known as heat stress and although uncomfortable is generally not considered pathological. If this is not alleviated, then a true heat illness may result, which...
Article
Intravenous drug user
Intravenous drug users (IVDU) are people who inject non-medical and controlled medical drugs (and may have substance use disorder) for non-medical purposes. Frequently injected drugs include heroin, cocaine, prescription opioids and methamphetamine 6.
Terminology
More neutral terms such as pe...
Article
Tobacco use
Tobacco use, most commonly by smoking cigarettes, is a drug habit of many throughout the world. It is a significant risk factor for many malignancies, and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and is a major cause of premature mortality throughout the world.
Epidemiology
The World Health Org...
Article
Salla disease
Salla disease, also known as Finnish type sialuria, is a rare autosomal recessive disease that primarily affects the central nervous system. It is considered the mildest form of free sialic acid storage disorder.
Clinical presentation
Neurological symptoms related to this rare disease are usua...
Article
Hopkins syndrome
Hopkins syndrome is a rare poliomyelitis-like neurological syndrome that occurs following an episode of acute asthma.
Clinical presentation
It usually manifests as flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs, several days or weeks following an episode of acute asthma.
Pathology
The pathogenesis i...
Article
Pia mater
The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges and together with the arachnoid mater is referred to as the leptomeninges. It is closely related to the surface of the brain and unlike the arachnoid mater extends into the sulci 1.
Gross anatomy
The pia mater is separated from the arachnoid...
Article
Gluten-related disorders
Gluten-related disorders are a collection of conditions that are the result of a reaction to the consumption of gluten a protein found in wheat, barley and rye 1.
Gluten-related disorders can be broadly divided into 1,2:
celiac disease: most common and most widely recognized
wheat allergy
n...
Article
Ginkgo leaf sign (spinal meningioma)
The ginkgo leaf sign of spinal meningiomas has been described as a useful MRI sign in distinguishing a spinal meningioma from a neurogenic tumor (e.g. spinal schwannoma).
It is seen on axial post contrast T1 imaging, with the leaf representing the distorted spinal cord, pushed to one side of t...
Article
Acetaminophen
Paracetamοl (or acetaminοphen in North America) is the most widely used drug in the world. It is employed as an antipyretic and mild analgesic in both adults and children. Although once regarded as a benign agent, it is now viewed with increasing concern due to its acute hepatotoxicity following...
Article
Poliomyelitis-like syndrome
Poliomyelitis-like syndrome, or polio-like paralysis, is an uncommon form of myelitis that presents similar to polio, due to non-poliovirus pathologies which selectively involve the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and result in an anterior horn syndrome. Although it usually has an infecti...
Article
Dura mater
The dura mater, also known as the pachymeninx (plural: pachymeninges), is the tough outer layer of the meninges that surrounds the central nervous system and is pierced by the cranial nerves, the internal carotid arteries, and the vertebral arteries. The dura mater is superficial to and distinct...
Article
Inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy is an uncommon cerebral amyloid deposition disease, closely related to the far more common non-inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and can present as areas of vasogenic edema.
Terminology
The term "inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy" can be ...
Article
Stab wound (overview)
Stab wounds are a form of penetrating trauma that may be self-inflicted or inflicted by another person either accidentally or intentionally. They may be caused by a variety of objects and may occur anywhere in the body.
Terminology
Although commonly caused by a knife as well, slash injuries di...
Article
Pneumorrhachis
Pneumorrhachis refers to the presence of gas within the spinal canal (either intra- or extradural). It is rare.
Clinical presentation
Patients can often be asymptomatic 3.
Pathology
Etiology
Pneumorrhachis can result from a number of causes:
trauma (traumatic pneumorrhachis): can occur in ...
Article
Orbital blow-out fracture
Orbital blow-out fractures occur when there is a fracture of one of the walls of orbit but the orbital rim remains intact. This is typically caused by a direct blow to the central orbit from a fist or ball.
Epidemiology
The blow-out fracture is the most common type of orbital fracture and is u...
Case
Demyelination
Published
10 Mar 2016
77% complete
MRI
Article
Epidural lipomatosis
Epidural lipomatosis refers to an excessive accumulation of fat within the spinal epidural space resulting in compression of the thecal sac. In severe cases, compression may be symptomatic. The lumbar region is most frequently affected.
Epidemiology
The demographics of affected individuals ref...
Article
Fabry disease
Fabry disease, also known as Anderson-Fabry disease, is a multisystem disorder resulting from an X-linked inborn error of metabolism and is a lysosomal storage disorder. The disease results from genetic mutations in the gene GLA that cause decreased or absent expression of hydrolase alpha-galact...
Article
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by distorted self-perception of body weight leading to starvation, obsession with remaining underweight, and an excessive fear of gaining weight. One in five patients with anorexia dies due to complications of the disease.
Epidemiology
T...
Article
Low back pain
Low back pain, lumbar or lumbosacral pain is an extremely common clinical symptom and the most common musculoskeletal condition affecting the quality of life that can be found in all age groups. It represents the leading cause of disability worldwide 1-3.
Epidemiology
Low back pain is a very c...
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