Search results for “COPD”
63 results found
Article
Tracheal web
A tracheal web is a membrane that narrows the tracheal lumen, sometimes perforated.
Epidemiology
The incidence of congenital tracheal web is 1:10,000 births. In adults, tracheal webs can form following infection, inflammation or intubation.
Clinical presentation
Clinical features depend on t...
Article
Trachea
The trachea, known colloquially as the windpipe, connects the upper respiratory tract to the lungs via the tracheobronchial tree, enabling gas exchange.
Gross anatomy
The trachea is a tube-shaped structure consisting of 15-20 D-shaped cartilage rings anterolaterally bridged by annular ligament...
Article
Tobacco use
Tobacco use, most commonly by smoking cigarettes, is a drug habit of many throughout the world. It is a significant risk factor for many malignancies, and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and is a major cause of premature mortality throughout the world.
Epidemiology
The World Health Org...
Article
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) exacerbated respiratory disease refers to the clinical constellation of 1,2:
hypersensitivity to aspirin (and other NSAIDs)
nasal polyposis / rhinosinusitis
asthma
Terminology
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) exacerbated respiratory d...
Article
Sinonasal polyposis (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the causes of sinonasal polyposis is:
KIC AAAN
Mnemonic
K: Kartagener syndrome
I: infectious rhinosinusitis
C: cystic fibrosis
A: aspirin sensitivity
A: allergic fungal sinusitis
A: asthma
N: nickel exposure
Article
Orbital emphysema
Orbital emphysema is the presence of gas within the orbital soft tissues. It is usually due to orbital fractures communicating with the paranasal sinuses but can be caused by penetrating trauma and infection. It is a common finding also after orbital or ocular surgery.
Location
preseptal
pos...
Article
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Charcot-Leyden crystals consist of collections of bipyramidal crystalloid made up of eosinophilic membrane proteins, which occur in:
asthma
other eosinophilic lung disease 2
certain cases of sinusitis (e.g. allergic fungal sinusitis)
They may be detected in the sputum or sinus secretions wi...
Article
Uvula
The uvula is a small, conical, pendulous process projected inferiorly from the midline posterior margin of the soft palate. It is primarily formed from the insertions of the two muscles of the uvula and their covering mucosa.
Summary
location: posterior midline soft palate
blood supply: from ...
Case
Orbital medial wall blow-out fracture with remarkably entrapped medial rectus muscle and retrobulbar emphysema
Published
02 Apr 2022
98% complete
CT
Article
Pneumoparotid
Pneumoparotid refers to gas in the parotid gland and can cause unilateral or bilateral parotid swelling. In severe cases, it can be associated with subcutaneous emphysema.
Terminology
Both pneumatocele glandulae parotis and parotid emphysema have also been used to describe the presence of gas...
Case
Orbital emphysema following a sneeze
Published
04 Sep 2022
92% complete
CT
Article
Orbital compartment syndrome
Orbital compartment syndrome is an ophthalmological emergency referring to an increased intraorbital pressure that may lead to permanent visual impairment if left untreated.
Clinical presentation
Findings on exam may include:
decreased visual acuity 6
globe palpably tense and resistant to ma...
Case
Orbital emphysema
Published
07 Jun 2022
88% complete
X-ray
Article
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis is a severe form of mediastinitis and refers to an acute, polymicrobial infection of the mediastinum that usually spreads downwards from oropharyngeal, cervical, and odontogenic infection.
Epidemiology
Associations
diabetes: more than one-third of patients...
Article
Sinonasal polyposis
Sinonasal polyposis refers to the presence of multiple benign polyps in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
Epidemiology
Sinonasal polyposis is most commonly encountered in adults and rare in children. Polyps are the most common expansile lesions of the nasal cavity 8.
Associations
Condi...
Case
Cricoid cartilage fracture
Published
06 Oct 2022
92% complete
CT
Case
Non-invasive fungal sinusitis
Published
13 Apr 2023
80% complete
CT
Case
Acute mediastinitis due to cervical abscess
Published
06 May 2022
80% complete
CT
Case
Retropharyngeal air with foreign body
Published
09 May 2024
86% complete
Annotated image
X-ray
Case
Tracheal injury and pneumomediastinum
Published
04 Sep 2022
92% complete
CT
X-ray
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