Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
133 results found
Article
Accessory left atrial appendage
An accessory left atrial appendage is a frequent fortuitous finding in cardiac imaging, encountered in ~10% of patients. They are more often seen as a small diverticular structure projecting from the right upper side of the left atrial wall.
Differential diagnosis
it must not be confused with ...
Article
Anatomy curriculum
The anatomy curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core anatomy knowledge for radiologists and imaging specialists.
General anatomy
Neuroanatomy
Head and neck anatomy
Thoracic anatomy
Abdominal and pelvic anatomy
Spinal anat...
Article
Anomalous course of coronary arteries
Anomalous course of a coronary artery is a type of congenital coronary artery anomaly. It may represent a benign and incidental finding, but rarely it is a malignant course predisposing patients to life-threatening myocardial ischemia or arrhythmias, depending on where the artery runs.
Clinica...
Article
Anterior cardiac veins
The anterior cardiac veins are a group of parallel coronary veins that course over the anterior surface of the right ventricle, draining it and entering directly into the right atrium. They may occasionally drain into the small cardiac vein.
Article
Aortic annulus
The aortic annulus is a fibrous ring at the aortic orifice to the front and right of the atrioventricular aortic valve and is considered the transition point between the left ventricle and aortic root. The annulus is part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart. It is at the level of the sinus of V...
Article
Aortic isthmus
The aortic isthmus is the part of the aorta just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery at the site of the ductus arteriosus.
This portion of the aorta is partly constricted in the fetus because of the lack of flow within the aortic sac and ascending aorta. It marks the partial sepa...
Article
Aortic root
The aortic root is the first part of the aorta containing parts of the aortic valve and connects the heart to systemic circulation.
Gross anatomy
The aortic root is located between the aortic annulus (the junction of the outflow tract of the left ventricle and the aortic valve) and the sinotu...
Article
Aortic valve
The aortic valve (AV) is one of the four cardiac valves. It is the semilunar valve that allows blood to exit the left ventricle (LV). It opens during systole and closes during diastole.
The valve has left, right, and posterior cusps, the bases of which attach around the valve orifice to a fibro...
Article
Aortomitral continuity
The aortomitral continuity (also known as the aortomitral curtain, aorticomitral junction, intervalvular fibrous body) is a fibrous sheet located between the noncoronary and left coronary leaflets of the aortic valve and anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. It is attached by the left and right ...
Article
Atrial septum
The atrial or interatrial septum (IAS) is a fibromuscular anatomical structure dividing the left and right atrium and is of substantial importance for intra- and interatrial conduction.
Gross anatomy
The true atrial septum is defined by the septal area which could be pierced or crossed without...
Article
Atrioventricular nodal artery
The atrioventricular (AV) nodal artery is a small artery supplying the atrioventricular septal area and the atrioventricular node.
Gross anatomy
The atrioventricular nodal artery usually courses through the inferior pyramidal space of the heart.
Origin
The origin of the atrioventricular noda...
Article
Atrioventricular septum
The atrioventricular (AV) septum or septal atrioventricular junction forms a central part of the heart, where the interatrial and interventricular septum crosses the atrioventricular annular plane and join with the septal tricuspid and anterior mitral leaflet attachments.
Terminology
On a four...
Article
Atrium (disambiguation)
Atrium (plural: atria) is a general term that refers to an anatomic cavity in an organ.
Atria are located in the:
heart:
right atrium
left atrium
brain:
atrium of the lateral ventricle
History and etymology
Atrium is the Latin word for the entrance or meeting room of a Roman house.
Article
Autonomic ganglia and plexuses
The autonomic ganglia and plexuses are a collection of ganglia where autonomic preganglionic neurons arising from the CNS synapse with postganglionic neurons outside the CNS, i.e. in the peripheral nervous system. Many of the ganglia contain nerves of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous ...
Article
Bicuspid aortic valve
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) refers to a spectrum of deformed aortic valves with two functional leaflets or cusps which are often unequal in size.
They are most often congenital while an acquired bicuspid valve occurs when there is fibrous fusion between the right and left cusps of a pre-existin...
Article
Cardiac fibrous skeleton
The fibrous skeleton of the heart is a complex set of collagenous rings that connect annuli of all four cardiac valves. Between the four annuli are two trigones (right and left) and the membranous portions of the interatrial, interventricular, and atrioventricular septa. The annuli of the two se...
Article
Cardiac plexus
The cardiac plexus is a network of autonomic nerves and ganglia situated at the base of the heart. It is formed by cardiac branches derived from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Gross anatomy
Parasympathetic cardiac nerves reach the heart from the vagus nerve (cranial ...
Article
Cardiac position
The cardiac position in the thorax may be described as:
levocardia: left-sided heart
dextrocardia: right-sided heart
mesocardia: midline heart
These terms purely describe the anatomic position of the left ventricular apex in the chest and their use does not indicate anything about the struct...
Article
Cardiac valves
The four cardiac valves direct the flow of blood through the heart during the cardiac cycle.
Gross anatomy
The heart valves are located in the cardiac fibrous skeleton:
two are atrioventricular (AV) valves: the right-sided tricuspid valve (TV) and left-sided mitral (bicuspid) valve (MV)
open...
Article
Cervical aortic arch
Cervical aortic arches are a rare aortic arch anomaly characterized by an elongated, high-lying aortic arch extending at or above the level of the medial ends of the clavicles.
Clinical presentation
Patients with cervical aortic arch are usually asymptomatic. Symptomatic patients may present w...
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