Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,903 results found
Article
Reynolds pentad
Reynolds pentad is a combination of clinical signs found in acute cholangitis. It consists of Charcot triad 2-4:
fever and/or chills
RUQ pain
jaundice
as well as:
delirium or lethargy, and
shock
Usefulness
Sensitivity of Reynolds pentad from a large systematic review of nine studies was ...
Article
Retroaortic coronary course
A retroaortic course refers to a coronary artery taking its route posteriorly between the non-coronary sinus and the interatrial septum and is considered a ‘benign anomalous course’.
Epidemiology
Associations
Clinical conditions associated with a retroaortic course of a coronary artery includ...
Article
Pancake kidney
Pancake kidney (also known as discoid kidney, disc kidney, lump kidney, fused pelvic kidney or cake kidney) is a rare renal fusion anomaly of the kidneys of the crossed fused variety.
Clinical presentation
Pancake kidney may be an incidental finding. However, they can present clinically becaus...
Article
Cherubism
Cherubism has historically been considered a variant of fibrous dysplasia, but is likely a distinct entity.
Epidemiology
Cherubism is a rare disorder and the precise incidence is unknown. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern 2 and has variable penetrance, with onset in early child...
Article
Symphalangism
Symphalangism refers to ankylosis or synostosis of the interphalangeal joints (i.e. fusion of the phalanges) in either the toes or the fingers. Less commonly, the metacarpophalangeal joints may be affected.
Epidemiology
One study reports symphalangism of the fifth toe in ~55% (range 40-75%) of...
Article
Tumoral calcinosis
Tumoral calcinosis, also known as Teutschlaender disease, is a rare familial condition characterized by painless, periarticular masses. The term should be strictly used to refer to a disease caused by a hereditary metabolic dysfunction of phosphate regulation associated with massive periarticula...
Article
Hemotympanum
Hemotympanum is the presence of blood in the middle ear cavity. It is usually secondary to trauma.
Clinical presentation
Typically on otoscopy a bulging red to purple to dark blue colored tympanic membrane is visible, color varying with age of the hemorrhage.
Pathology
The hemorrhage has us...
Article
Facial muscles
The facial muscles, also known as the muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles (TA: musculi faciales), enable facial expression and serve as sphincters and dilators of the orifices of the face. These muscles differ from those of other regions in the body as there is no fascia deep to the ...
Article
Pseudobursa
Pseudobursae are irregular recesses around a joint that can occur following a joint replacement or surgery. They usually communicate with the joint but may track considerable distances around the joint. They may be associated with infection but can also be an incidental finding.
Epidemiology
T...
Article
Pulmonary valve calcification
Pulmonary valve calcification is an uncommon occurrence and usually occurs in the presence of longstanding elevation of right ventricular pressures (such as that of severe pulmonary hypertension). It can also be associated with pulmonary valve stenosis. Some authors suggest if valve calcificatio...
Article
Segmental fracture
Segmental fracture is a fracture composed of at least two fracture lines that together isolate a segment of bone, usually a portion of the diaphysis of a long bone. This fracture pattern is frequently associated with high energy mechanism and devascularisation of the segmental fracture fragment(...
Article
Bagassosis
Bagassosis refers to a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis related to a mouldy molasses usually related to sugar cane dry pulpy fibrous residue called bagasse (Thermoactinomyces sacchari). It is considered to reflect a reaction to organic dust and is becoming rarer.
Article
Adding an image to an article
Adding images to an article is an important way of illustrating various imaging examples of that condition. Ideally, there should only be one image per case (usually the 'best' image) per article unless you wish to highlight a specific point, or it is a rare condition with only one case availabl...
Article
Lateral acromial angle
The lateral acromial angle is a measurement performed on plain film AP projection or coronal images of CT or MRI to assess the position of the acromion.
Measurement
It is measured by drawing a vertical line lateral and perpendicular to the glenoid and a horizontal line parallel to the acromion...
Article
Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face
Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face is a very rare congenital, non-hereditary disease manifesting with prominent unilateral facial overgrowth and deformity.
Clinical presentation
Facial asymmetry is always noted at birth. Other findings on the affected side include:
unilateral ske...
Article
Stab wound (overview)
Stab wounds are a form of penetrating trauma that may be self-inflicted or inflicted by another person either accidentally or intentionally. They may be caused by a variety of objects and may occur anywhere in the body.
Terminology
Although commonly caused by a knife as well, slash injuries di...
Article
Cerebellopontine angle cistern
The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) cistern, also known as the pontocerebellar cistern, is a triangular CSF-filled subarachnoid cistern that lies between the anterior surface of the cerebellum and the lateral surface of the pons.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
superior: tentorium cerebelli
posterior:...
Article
Disclosures
Disclosures are an important part of your user profile.
Radiopaedia.org strives to ensure our content is free from commercial bias or undue corporate influence. Furthermore, transparency is important to us. We, therefore, encourage and require you to truthfully and fully include relevant finan...
Article
Calcaneus series
The calcaneus series is comprised of a lateral and axial (plantodorsal) projection. The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone accounting for ~60% of all tarsal fractures 1. This series provides a two view investigation of the calcaneus alongside the talar articulations and talocal...
Article
Proboscis
Proboscis is a rare congenital anomaly where an anterior appendage-like structure is seen projecting from the midline fetal face/forehead. Depending on the exact location, this has further been classified into various subtypes (e.g. interorbital proboscis).
Pathology
Associations
The presence...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.