Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
133 results found
Article
Aortic annulus
The aortic annulus is a fibrous ring at the aortic orifice to the front and right of the atrioventricular aortic valve and is considered the transition point between the left ventricle and aortic root. The annulus is part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart. It is at the level of the sinus of V...
Article
Congenital coronary artery anomalies
Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAAs) are not common, found only in ~1% (range 0.1-2%) of patients 1,3.
The major anomalies are due to abnormal course, abnormal origin or a combination of both.
The most important finding to look for is the "malignant" course of the anomalous coronary ar...
Article
Heart
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ of the middle mediastinum, designed to pump oxygenated blood around the systemic circulation and deoxygenated blood around the pulmonary circulation.
Gross anatomy
The heart has a somewhat pyramidal form and is enclosed by the pericardium. Its base (roughl...
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Coronary arteries
The coronary arteries arise from the aortic sinuses immediately distal (superior) to the aortic valve and supply the myocardium of the heart with oxygenated blood. The arteries branch to encircle the heart covering its surface with a lacy network, perhaps resembling a slightly crooked crown.
Gr...
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Posterior superior aortic recess
The posterior superior aortic recess, also known as the superior pericardial recess or the superior sinus, is one of the variable invaginations of the superior aortic recess and is located posterior to the ascending aorta. It may mimic mediastinal lymphadenopathy or a bronchogenic cyst.
Article
Posterior pericardial recess
The posterior pericardial recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium. It arises from the superior margin of the oblique pericardial sinus, posterior to the right pulmonary artery and medial to the bronchus intermedius.
Clinical significance
It may mi...
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Left pulmonary venous recess
The left pulmonary venous recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium. It arises from the pericardial cavity proper located between the left superior and inferior pulmonary veins, posterior to the left atrium. It invaginates towards the oblique pericard...
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Right pulmonary venous recess
The right pulmonary venous recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium. It arises from the pericardial cavity proper located between the right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, posterior to the left atrium. It invaginates towards the oblique perica...
Article
Inferior aortic recess
The inferior aortic recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium, which arises from the transverse pericardial sinus between the ascending aorta and the left atrium. It extends inferiorly to the level of the aortic valve. It may mimic mediastinal lymphad...
Article
Oblique pericardial sinus
The oblique pericardial sinus is a blind-ending pericardial cul-de-sac behind the heart which opens into the pericardial space proper inferiorly.
Gross anatomy
The oblique sinus forms the posterior pericardial recess 5.
Boundaries
right (in ascending order): inferior vena cava, right inferio...
Article
Right pulmonic recess
The right pulmonic recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium, which arises from the transverse pericardial sinus. It is located posterior to the right pulmonary artery and anterior to the esophagus. It may mimic mediastinal lymphadenopathy or a bronch...
Article
Left pulmonic recess
The left pulmonic recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium, which arises from the transverse pericardial sinus. It is located posterior to the pulmonary trunk and left pulmonary artery. It may mimic mediastinal lymphadenopathy or a bronchogenic cyst.
Article
Superior aortic recess
The superior aortic recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium, which arises from the superior margin of the transverse pericardial sinus and surrounds the root of the ascending aorta.
Its components are variable and may be further subdivided into:
a...
Article
Eustachian valve
The Eustachian valve, also known as the "valve of the inferior vena cava", is a ridge of variable thickness in the inferior right atrium. It is a remnant of a fetal structure that directed incoming oxygenated blood to the foramen ovale and away from the right atrium.
Radiographic features
In...
Article
Postcaval recess
The postcaval recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium, which arises from the pericardial cavity proper. It is located posterior to the superior vena cava and superior to the right superior pulmonary vein. It may mimic mediastinal lymphadenopathy or ...
Article
Patent foramen ovale
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal foetal interatrial connection which can persist into adult life. This can cause stroke due to paradoxical embolus.
Terminology
PFO is an anatomical variant due to persistence of a normal foetal structure rather than a malformation, in contradistinction ...
Article
Right atrium
The right atrium (RA) (plural: atria) is one of the four chambers of the human heart, and is the first chamber to receive deoxygenated blood returning from the body, via the two venae cavae. It plays an important role in originating and regulating the conduction of the heart.
Gross anatomy
The...
Article
Myocardial bridging of the coronary arteries
Myocardial bridging is a common congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries where a coronary artery courses through the myocardium.
Epidemiology
It is found approximately in 20-30% of the adult population in autopsy studies. The incidence in coronary angiograms is between 2-15% and can be eas...
Article
Left atrium
The left atrium (LA) (plural: atria) is one of the four chambers of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation that is then delivered to the left ventricle and then into the systemic circulation.
Gross anatomy
The left atrium is grossly cuboidal. It is the most supe...
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Right ventricle
The right ventricle (RV) is the most anterior of the four heart chambers. It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium (RA) and pumps it into the pulmonary circulation. During diastole, blood enters the right ventricle through the atrioventricular orifice through an open tricuspid valve ...
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