Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
80 results found
Article
Dominant ovarian follicle
A dominant ovarian follicle refers to the follicle that enlarges to release an ovum during a menstural cycle. Usually approximately 10 Graafian follicles begin to mature where one becomes a dominant follicle and the rest become atretic ovarian follicles. After release of the ovum the remainder o...
Article
Endometrium
The endometrium refers to the inner lining of the uterine lumen, composed of endometrial glands surrounded by loose highly cellular connective tissue.
Gross anatomy
Layers
In women of reproductive age, the endometrium is composed of two layers:
stratum basale (basal layer):
describes the de...
Article
Broad ligament
The broad ligaments (TA: ligamentum latum uteri or plica lata uteri 4) are the paired lateral folds of the parietal peritoneum which reflect over the upper genital tract in females.
Gross anatomy
The broad ligament extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall and ca...
Article
Fornix (vagina)
The fornices are superior recesses of the vagina formed by the protrusion of the cervix into the vaginal vault. There is a large posterior fornix and a smaller anterior fornix with two small lateral fornices.
History and etymology
Fornix is Latin for 'arch'.
Article
Fornix (disambiguation)
The term fornix (plural: fornices) is used for anatomical structures in multiple organ systems that all share an arch-like morphology:
fornix (brain)
fornix (eye)
fornix (lacrimal)
fornix (pharynx)
fornix (renal)
fornix (stomach)
fornix (vagina)
History and etymology
Fornix is Latin for...
Article
Urogenital diaphragm
The urogenital diaphragm is a historical term describing a structure or structures in the perineum. The term is still in frequent use despite not appearing in Terminologia Anatomica.
Most descriptions of the diaphragm relate to a discoid space between the superficial and deep fasciae of the per...
Article
Ovarian tumors
Ovarian tumors are relatively common and account for ~6% of female malignancies. This article focuses on the general classification of ovarian tumors. For specific tumor features, please refer to the relevant subarticles.
Pathology
Subtypes
Primary ovarian tumors
Surface epithelial-stromal o...
Article
Bicornuate uterus
A bicornuate uterus is a type of uterine duplication anomaly. It can be classified as a class IV Mullerian duct anomaly.
Epidemiology
Overall, congenital uterine anomalies occur in ~1.5% of females (range 0.1-3%). Bicornuate uteri are thought to represent ~25% (range 10-39%) of Mullerian duct ...
Article
Bulbs of the vestibule
The bulbs of the vestibule (also known as the vestibular, vestibulovaginal or clitoral bulbs) are conglomerations of erectile soft tissue, collectively homologous to the bulb of the penis. However unlike in the male, the developing bulb is bisected by the vaginal opening to form two halves.
The...
Article
Frenulum (disambiguation)
Frenulum (plural: frenula) is an anatomical term and refers to a small fold of soft tissue that checks the movement of an anatomical part.
frenulum (clitoris)
frenulum (ileocecal valve)
frenulum (labia minora)
frenulum (penis)
frenulum (tongue)
History and etymology
Frenulum derives from ...
Article
Persistent right umbilical vein
A persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) is an uncommon vascular anomaly which is often detected in utero.
Epidemiology
The estimated prevalence is ~2 per 1000 births 1,2.
Pathology
In the normal situation, the right umbilical vein begins to obliterate in the ~4th week of gestation and disap...
Article
Paraurethral duct
The paraurethral ducts (or Skene ducts) drain the paraurethral glands of the female urethra. There is one duct, draining each gland, on each side, just proximal to the external urethral meatus.
History and etymology
Skene ducts are named after the Scottish-American gynecologist Alexander John...
Article
Labia minora
The labia minora (singular: labium minus) are small glabrous cutaneous folds lying between and just superior to the labia majora. At their posterior margin the labia may be conjoined by a thin cutaneous fold of skin, the frenulum of the labia (also known as the fourchette or posterior commissure...
Article
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
The suspensory ligament of the ovary is a thin fold of the parietal peritoneum which attaches to the lateral margin of the ovary and extends to the lateral pelvic sidewall. It is also referred to as the infundibulopelvic ligament 1,2. It should not to be confused with the ovarian ligament which ...
Article
Uterine venous plexus
The uterine venous plexus is a network of veins surrounding the uterus and has extensive anastomoses with the vaginal venous plexus inferiorly and ovarian venous plexuses laterally.
Gross anatomy
The uterine venous plexus lies along the lateral aspects and superior angles of the uterus within ...
Article
Vaginal opening
The vaginal opening, is also known as the introitus (plural: introituses), vaginal orifice, or ostium vaginae (plural: ostia vaginarum) (TA) .
Gross anatomy
The entrance to the vagina lies in the vestibule of the vulva in the median plane. It has an anteroposterior orientation and is partially...
Article
Endopelvic fascia
The endopelvic fascia is the enveloping connective tissue network for the pelvic viscera, suspending, supporting and fusing the pelvic organs to the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis, which itself inserts onto the pelvic sidewalls and pubic bones.
The major anterior component is the pubovesical li...
Article
Clitoris
The clitoris (plural: clitorides), the female homologue of the penis, and part of the female reproductive system, is situated at the anterior aspect of the labia minora. The clitoris, like the penis, is formed of a body and glans, formed respectively from the crura of the clitoris and the bulbs ...
Article
Internal iliac lymph nodes
The internal iliac lymph nodes (often shortened to internal iliac nodes) are the lymph nodes found adjacent to the internal iliac artery and its branches and drain the regions supplied by these vessels. This encompasses a large area from the genitalia anteriorly, the psoas muscle posteriorly and...
Article
Vulva
The vulva (plurals: vulvas or vulvae), also known as the pudendum, (plural: pudenda) is the collective term given to the female external genitalia.
The vulva consists of the:
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris
bulbs of the vestibule
vestibule of the vulva
vaginal opening
hyme...
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