Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,118 results found
Article
Intraparotid nodal metastases
Intraparotid nodal metastases refer to metastatic involvement of intraparotid lymph nodes from either a primary parotid tumor or an extraparotid tumor in the head and neck (e.g. nasopharyngeal carcinoma).
Pathology
Location
There may be a predilection towards the superficial lobe or tail regi...
Article
Fibrosing inflammatory pseudotumor
Fibrosing inflammatory pseudotumors are an inflammatory process with histology showing a polymorphous infiltrate with plasma cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils as well as a significant reactive fibrovascular component.
Pathology
Location
They can occur at various sites of the body including: ...
Article
Peripheral T cell lymphoma
Peripheral T cell lymphoma is an uncommon, heterogeneous group of lymphoma. It can account for around 5-15% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Terminology
The word "peripheral" does not mean involvement in the extremities but refers to tumor cells that arise from lymphoid tissue outside of the bon...
Article
Adrenal lymphoma
Adrenal lymphoma can refer to:
primary adrenal lymphoma: rare
can be bilateral in around 70% of cases 1
secondary involvement of the adrenal glands with lymphoma: more common
Clinical presentation
The presentation can be variable and may include adrenal insufficiency, worsening general sta...
Article
Thymic hyperplasia
Thymic hyperplasia is a disorder whereby there is hyperplasia of the thymus.
Pathology
Thymic hyperplasia can be subdivided into two forms:
true thymic hyperplasia
lymphoid thymic hyperplasia
Both true thymic hyperplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia manifest as diffuse symmetric enlargement of...
Article
International Myeloma Working Group response criteria
The International Myeloma Working Group response criteria are consensus definitions used to assess response to treatment of multiple myeloma. With the latest version published in 2016, the criteria have been widely adopted for classifying responses in clinical trials and in routine practice 1. I...
Article
Leiomyoma
Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle (myometrial) tumor, most commonly found in the uterus.
Classification
Leiomyoma is classified by location:
uterine leiomyoma
cervical leiomyoma
leiomyoma of the urinary bladder
urethral leiomyoma
solitary cutaneous leiomyoma
vascular leiomyoma (angiol...
Article
Tumor lysis syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an entity representing a constellation of laboratory and clinical derangements inclusive of:
hyperuricemia
hyperphosphatemia
hypocalcemia and
hyperkalemia
It is considered an oncological emergency and can occur following treatment of malignancies with high cell...
Article
Pseudo Meigs syndrome
Pseudo Meigs syndrome refers to a clinical syndrome of pleural effusion and ascites associated with an ovarian tumor that is not a fibroma or a fibroma-like tumor.
Pathology
Entities that have been reported to result in pseudo Meigs syndrome include
Krukenberg tumors
colon carcinoma metastas...
Article
Gallbladder cancer (staging - AJCC 8th edition)
The AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) 8th edition gallbladder cancer staging system was introduced in 2018.
TNM system
T: primary tumor
Tis: carcinoma in situ - tumor only within the epithelium (the inner layer of the gallbladder)
T1: tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis
T...
Article
Preinvasive lesions of the lung
Preinvasive lesions of the lung are those pulmonary lesions that have not yet progressed to malignancy but have the potential to do so. This category includes:
squamous dysplasia (SD) of lungs: squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) of lung
preinvasive adenocarcinoma of the lung 5,6
atypical a...
Article
Peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcoma
Peripheral chondrosarcomas grade 2 and 3 are malignant intermediate and high-grade chondrogenic neoplasms originating from the bony surface in the chondral cap of pre-existing osteochondromas as a result of malignant transformation, thus the name secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma 1,2. Secondar...
Article
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma, also known as malignant mesothelioma, is an aggressive malignant tumor of the mesothelium. Most tumors arise from the pleura, and so this article will focus on pleural mesothelioma.
Given the presence of the mesothelium in different parts of the body, mesothelioma can arise in var...
Article
Primary pleural lymphoma
Primary pleural lymphoma is extremely rare, especially in immunocompetent patients.
Epidemiology
Primary pleural lymphoma accounts for <0.5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2 and ~2.5% of primary chest wall tumors 4.
Pathology
Primary pleural lymphoma may be Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma with...
Article
Periosteal reaction
Periosteal reaction is a nonspecific radiographic finding that indicates new bone formation in reaction to the abnormal stimulants. Periosteal reactions may be broadly characterized as benign or aggressive, or more specifically categorized by pattern.
Terminology
Periosteal reaction is the rec...
Article
Pleural metastases
Pleural metastases account for the vast majority of malignant lesions of the pleura and are more common than malignant mesothelioma.
Clinical presentation
The infiltration of the pleura usually manifests as pleural effusion, which is the first manifestation of pleural metastasis. In addition t...
Article
Wilms tumor (staging)
Wilms tumor staging is largely anatomical and relates to the invasion and spread of the tumor. Where there is invasion or metastasis, prognosis is poorer. Wilms tumor is one of the more common childhood malignancies.
stage I
confined to kidney
complete resection possible
stage II
local spre...
Article
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a relatively rare clonal hematologic disorder. In the World Health Organizatiοn classification, it is listed as a disorder with features of both myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Clinical presentation
Can be variable but many ...
Article
Transitional cell carcinoma (staging)
Staging of transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary tract vary according to the location of the tumor, and are staged using the TNM staging system.
transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis
transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter
transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Article
Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate
Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate or prostatic adenoid basal proliferation of uncertain significance is a type of prostate cancer resembling adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands.
Terminology
Other terms include 'adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'adenoid basal cell tumor', 'adenoid cyst...
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