Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
255 results found
Article
Innermost intercostal muscles
The innermost intercostal muscles are muscles of respiration. They are the deepest intercostal muscles located in the intercostal spaces, and contract along with the internal intercostal muscles to reduce the transverse dimension of the thoracic cavity during expiration.
Gross anatomy
The inne...
Article
Superior mediastinum
The superior mediastinum is an artificially divided wedge-shaped compartment of the mediastinum located between the thoracic plane inferiorly and the thoracic inlet superiorly. The inferior mediastinum, comprising of the anterior, middle, and posterior parts, lies inferiorly.
Gross anatomy
Bou...
Article
Superior thoracic aperture
The superior thoracic aperture, also known as the thoracic inlet or outlet, connects the root of the neck with the thorax.
Gross anatomy
The superior thoracic aperture is kidney-shaped and lies in an oblique transverse plane, tilted anteroinferiorly to posterosuperiorly. It is roughly 10 cm i...
Article
Esophageal bronchus
Esophageal bronchus, a.k.a. communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation, refers to the rare occurrence where a bronchus arises directly from the esophagus.
Epidemiology
It is more common in females with a M:F of 1:2 2.
Gross anatomy
Esophageal bronchi may be the main bronchus, which...
Article
Horseshoe-shaped (disambiguation)
Several normal anatomical structures and rare organ variants have been described as being horseshoe-shaped.
Organ anomalies
horseshoe kidney
horseshoe lung
horseshoe adrenal
horseshoe appendix
horseshoe pancreas 1
Horseshoe-shaped organs
hyoid bone
limbic lobe
supramarginal gyrus
tymp...
Article
Central control of respiration
A number of cell groups in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla are responsible for the central control of the respiratory cycle:
inspiratory center (a.k.a. dorsal respiratory group) - bilateral groups of cells in the region of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in the dorsum of t...
Article
Lymphocele of the thoracic duct
Lymphoceles of the thoracic duct, also known as thoracic duct cysts, are lymph-filled collections/dilatations that can arise from any portion of the thoracic duct.
The clinical significance of a thoracic duct cyst lies in its misidentification as a pathological lesion at radiological assessment...
Article
Alveoli
The alveoli (singular: alveolus) are tiny hollow air sacs that comprise the basic unit of respiration.
Gross Anatomy
Alveoli are found within the lung parenchyma and are found at the terminal ends of the respiratory tree, clustered around alveolar sacs and alveolar ducts. Each alveolus is app...
Article
Boyden classification of bronchi
The Boyden classification of bronchi refers to the standard nomenclature used to describe bronchopulmonary segmental anatomy.
Each lung has 10 segments, however, on the left, the first two segments share a common trunk and are hence B1/2. Also given the shared trunk on the left of the lower lob...
Article
Bronchomediastinal trunk
The bronchomediastinal trunks (a.k.a. bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunks) are lymphatic trunks, one on each side of the body. On the left, the bronchomediastinal trunk is a tributary of the thoracic duct, and on the right, it is a tributary of the right lymphatic duct. Although, in some individ...
Article
Transversus thoracis muscle
The transversus thoracis muscle is the innermost muscle of the anterior thoracic wall (deep to external intercostal and internal intercostal muscles).
Gross anatomy
The transversus thoracis is a thin band of muscle and tendon arising from the lower posterior surface of the sternum, posterior...
Article
Tracheal buckling
Tracheal buckling is a normal finding in young infants when the trachea is more flexible. There is typically deviation of the trachea anteriorly and to the right (up to 90°). Normal deviation to the left is observed only when aortic arch is located to the right of the trachea 4. Any other config...
Article
Transverse cervical artery
The transverse cervical artery, also known as the cervicodorsal trunk, is 1 of the 4 branches of the thyrocervical trunk (off the first part of the subclavian artery).
It is a short artery that bifurcates into the superficial and deep branches, both which course superficially and laterally acro...
Article
Costocervical trunk
The costocervical trunk is one of the branches of the second part of the subclavian artery. It arises from the posterior wall of the subclavian artery, posterior or medial to the anterior scalene muscle and courses posterosuperiorly across the suprapleural membrane where it divides into 2 branc...
Article
Ligamentum arteriosum
The ligamentum arteriosum (or arteriosus) is the small fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosum, located between and connecting the proximal left pulmonary artery and the undersurface of the junction of the aortic arch and descending aorta, at the aortic isthmus. The left recurrent larynge...
Article
Inferior mediastinum
The inferior mediastinum is the box-shaped space in the mediastinum below the transthoracic plane of Ludwig between the wedge-shaped superior mediastinum above and the diaphragm and inferior thoracic aperture below. There are no physical structures that divide the superior and inferior mediastin...
Article
Right upper lobe bronchus
The right upper lobe bronchus is the first of two secondary bronchi produced by the bifurcation of the right main bronchus. The other is the bronchus intermedius.
Gross anatomy
The right upper lobe bronchus is given off approximately 2.5 cm from the bifurcation of the trachea and is the superi...
Article
Absent azygos vein
An absent azygos vein is a very uncommon variant in which the azygos vein fails to develop. In cases of agenesis of the azygos vein, the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins play an important role in venous drainage, accounting for drainage of both the right and left intercostal veins 1-3.
...
Article
Right lung
The right lung is one of two lungs, located in the right hemithorax on the right of the heart and mediastinum.
There are a few differences between the two lungs:
The right lung is larger in volume than the left lung, with a larger transverse dimension (due to the heart on the left) but a shor...
Article
Left lung
The left lung is one of two lungs, located in the left hemithorax on the left of the heart and mediastinum.
There are a few differences between the two lungs:
The left lung is smaller in volume than the right lung, with a smaller transverse dimension (due to the heart on the left) but a large...
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