59 results found
Article
Shoulder dislocation
The shoulder dislocation (more accurately termed a glenohumeral joint dislocation) involves separation of the humerus from the glenoid of the scapula at the glenohumeral joint.
This article contains a general discussion on shoulder dislocation. For specific dislocation types please refer to the...
Article
Shoulder series (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
A shoulder series (or shoulder x-ray) is most frequently performed following trauma looking for evidence of fracture or dislocation.
Reference article
This is a summary article. For more information, you can read a more i...
Article
Anterior shoulder dislocation
Anterior shoulder dislocation is by far the commonest type of dislocation and usually results from forced abduction, external rotation and extension 1.
Epidemiology
Broadly speaking, anterior shoulder dislocations occur in a bimodal age distribution. The first, and by far the more prevalent a...
Article
Inferior shoulder dislocation
An inferior shoulder dislocation is the least common form of shoulder dislocation. The condition is also called luxatio erecta because the arm appears to be permanently held upward, in fixed abduction. The patient will often present with their hand placed on the head or near it.
Pathology
It i...
Article
Posterior shoulder dislocation
Posterior shoulder dislocations are far less common than anterior shoulder dislocations and can be difficult to identify if only AP projections are obtained. A high index of suspicion is helpful.
Epidemiology
Posterior shoulder dislocations account for only 2-4% of all shoulder dislocations (t...
Article
CT shoulder (protocol)
The CT shoulder protocol serves as an examination for the assessment of the shoulder joint. It is often performed as a non-contrast study. It can be combined with a CT arthrogram for the evaluation of labral injuries or the rotator cuff if MRI is contraindicated or in a postoperative setting whe...
Article
Investigating shoulder injury (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Shoulder injury is a relatively uncommon, but important cause for presentation to the Emergency Department. Pain may be the result of acute or chronic injury.
Summary
assessment
history
history of trauma?
previous inj...
Article
Shoulder (Velpeau view)
The Velpeau view of the glenohumeral joint is a modified axial projection performed in the context of shoulder immobilization.
Indications
This projection is performed on patients with a shoulder sling (Velpeau bandage) in place, often in the context of post-operative or a post-reduction prese...
Article
Shoulder (modified trauma axial view)
The modified trauma axial view is a supplementary projection that replaces the ‘Y view’ of the two-view shoulder series. It is an orthogonal view of the AP projection of the glenohumeral joint and is often performed in the context of trauma.
Indications
The modified trauma axial view is used t...
Article
Light bulb sign (posterior shoulder dislocation)
The light bulb sign refers to the abnormal AP radiograph appearance of the humeral head in posterior shoulder dislocation.
When the humerus dislocates it also internally rotates such that the head contour projects like a light bulb when viewed from the front 1.
See also
light bulb sign (hepat...
Article
Perthes lesion
Perthes lesion of the shoulder is one of the types of anterior glenohumeral injury in which the anterior inferior labrum is torn and lifted from the edge of the glenoid 1 but still attached to the intact lifted periosteum from the anterior aspect of the glenoid. Although the labrum may be normal...
Article
Glenoid labral tear
Glenoid labral tears are the injuries of the glenoid labrum and a possible cause of shoulder pain.
Clinical presentation
Patients with labral tears may present with a wide range of symptoms (depends on the injury type), which are often non-specific:
pain or discomfort (usually a precise point...
Article
Bankart lesion
Bankart lesions are injuries specifically at the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labral complex and represent a common complication of anterior shoulder dislocation. They are frequently seen in association with a Hill-Sachs defect.
Terminology
Strictly speaking, a "Bankart lesion" refers...
Article
Hill-Sachs defect
Hill-Sachs defects are a posterolateral humeral head depression fracture, resulting from the impaction with the anterior glenoid rim, and indicative of an anterior glenohumeral dislocation. It is often associated with a Bankart lesion of the glenoid.
Terminology
A Hill-Sachs defect is the term...
Article
Labeled imaging anatomy cases
This article lists a series of labeled imaging anatomy cases by body region and modality.
Brain
CT head: non-contrast axial
CT head: non-contrast coronal
CT head: non-contrast sagittal
CT head: non-contrast axial with clinical questions
CT head: angiogram axial
CT head: angiogram coronal
...
Article
Acromioclavicular joint injury
Acromioclavicular joint injuries, commonly shortened to ACJ injuries, are characterized by damage to the acromioclavicular joint and surrounding structures. Almost invariably traumatic in etiology, they range in severity from a mild sprain to complete disruption.
Epidemiology
Acromioclavicular...
Article
Acromion fracture
The acromion process is the lateral projection of the scapula spine that extends anteriorly. Fractures of the scapula are uncommon injuries and account for ~3% of all shoulder fractures 1,2 while isolated acromion fractures occur rarely and account for only 9% of all scapular fractures 3.
Patho...
Article
Pectoralis major injury
Pectoralis major injuries are uncommon and include strains, tears and ruptures.
Epidemiology
mostly young, physically-active males age 20-40 years old, although has also reported in elderly women 1
associated with weight lifting (mostly bench press), although also reported during various ath...
Article
Proximal humeral fracture (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Proximal humeral fractures are a heterogeneous group of fractures that include everything from relatively simple transverse fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus, to complex, displaced, multi-part fractures of the p...
Article
Coracoclavicular ligament injury
Coracoclavicular (CC) ligament injury is common with shoulder trauma. It is considered part of the spectrum of acromioclavicular joint injuries 2 and is not often an isolated injury. It is also often injured with clavicular fractures.
This injury is easy to miss, especially with the presence o...
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