Items tagged “cases”
5,541 results found
Article
Flashlight sign (B-flow)
The flashlight sign is a B-flow vascular ultrasound sign caused by wall adherent and floating thrombi and emboli in arteries, which appear as bright spots on imaging.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
The flashlight sign is described as a moving, very bright intraluminal focus of signal on B-f...
Article
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis is a rare chronic fungal infection.
Pathology
Sporotrichosis is caused by a dimorphic fungus Sporothrix spp.:
Sporothrix schenckii: considered the most common and can affect the respiratory system
Sporothrix brasiliensis
Sporothrix globosa
Sporothrix pallida
Sporothrix mexi...
Article
Reversible bronchiectasis
Reversible bronchiectasis is a term describing dilated bronchial tree in a patient with a collapsed (atelectatic) lobe. It is thought to be due to increased tension on the bronchial wall by the collapsed lung. The dilated bronchi usually return to their normal size when the lung expands. The phr...
Article
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a condition where the inflammation is mainly in or around the renal tubules. It may be acute or chronic.
Epidemiology
Tubulointerstitial nephritis may affect any age group ranging from pediatric to adult.
Pathology
Etiology
Tubulointerstitial nephritis can ar...
Article
Sharp mediastinum sign
The sharp mediastinum sign is a unique sign in neonatal chest x-rays for medial pneumothoraces or pneumomediastinum, especially as a complication to mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
As neonatal chest x-rays are taken with t...
Article
Posterior talofibular ligament injury
Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) injuries are far less common than other lateral collateral ligament injuries of the ankle and almost always occur with other injuries 1.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is ~10% (range 4-20%) on MRI in patients with ankle injuries 1,4,6.
Pathology
On...
Article
Cri du chat syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome is a rare congenital disorder caused by the deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5. A high-pitched monotonous cry is the significant characteristic finding 1.
Epidemiology
Cri du chat syndrome is rare with an incidence of 1 in 15,000-50,000 births 1.
Clinical presentat...
Article
Sinus tarsi "see-through" sign
Sinus tarsi "see-through" sign is a radiological sign noted in pes cavus and/or hindfoot varus with the alignment of the sinus tarsi parallel to the x-ray beam resulting in the ability to "see-through" the sinus tarsi on lateral foot x-rays 1,2.
Article
Distal humerus physeal separation
Distal humerus physeal separation is seen in children under 3 years and is often associated with non-accidental injury 1.
Clinical presentation
The child will usually present with a reduced range of motion with swelling and ecchymosis around the joint 2.
Pathology
The injury can occur durin...
Article
Os interphalangeus
Os interphalangeus is an ossicle present in the plantar aspect of interphalangeal joint of great toe 1. The ossicle can be present either centrally or eccentrically within the joint capsule and is separated from the flexor hallucis longus tendon by a bursa.
Radiographic features
Plain radiogra...
Article
Pseudohypoxic brain swelling
Pseudohypoxic brain swelling, also known as postoperative intracranial hypotension-associated venous congestion, is a rare condition with restricted diffusion on MRI in the basal ganglia and thalami following surgery. This can mimic cerebral hypoxic changes in the absence of vascular pathology.
...
Article
Middle clunal nerve
The middle clunal nerve is a sensory nerve that originates from S1-S4 1. It travels underneath the long posterior sacroiliac ligament (LPSL) and passes between the posterior superior iliac spine and posterior inferior iliac spine to course over the iliac crest 1. It supplies sensation to the lum...
Article
Soleal sling syndrome
Soleal sling syndrome is a rare tibial nerve entrapment syndrome. More commonly the tibial nerve gets entrapped in the tarsal tunnel. In soleal sling syndrome, the nerve gets compressed under the tendinous arch at the origin of soleus muscle 1.
Clinical presentation
Can present with numbness i...
Article
Denervation pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles
Denervation pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles is a rare cause of unilateral limb swelling. It is important to exclude and consider other causes for this presentation.
Clinical presentation
This condition usually presents as painless unilateral calf swelling.
Pathology
More commonly, denerva...
Article
Femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index
The femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index is a radiographic measurement to help identify clinical hip microinstability in acetabular dysplasia.
Usage
The FEAR index should be used in conjunction with clinical and other radiographic features for the identification of clinically unstabl...
Article
Non-ischemic cerebral enhancing (NICE) lesions
Non-ischemic cerebral enhancing (NICE) lesions are an uncommon delayed complication of cerebrovascular procedures, including aneurysm coiling, thrombectomy and placement flow-diverter stent placement 1,2,4,5.
Epidemiology
As NICE lesions are seen following endovascular procedures most commonly...
Article
Humeral head bare area
The humeral head bare area is the posterosuperior surface of the humeral head that is not covered by cartilage, limited anteriorly by the cartilage and posteriorly by the insertion of the infraspinatus tendon. It lies between the articular cartilage of the humeral head and the synovial reflectio...
Article
Intertransversarii muscle group
The intertransversarii muscles are small and short muscles found in the deepest layer of the intrinsic back muscles extending between the transverse processes of adjacent cervical and lumbar vertebrae. The cervical intertransversarii are subdivided into seven pairs of anterior and posterior musc...
Article
Attenuation imaging (ultrasound)
Attenuation imaging is an emerging method (c.2022) used for detection hepatic steatosis. It provides the function of quantifying and reducing the color code of liver decay factors, which may be due to changes in hepatic composition (such as increased fat content) 1-3.
The ATI value is defined a...
Article
Chronic elbow instability
Chronic elbow instability presents with pain, apprehension or subluxation of the elbow joint on movement with three types recognized: valgus, posterolateral, and posteromedial.
Clinical presentation
Patients present with pain, apprehension on movement and subluxation of the elbow joint. In va...
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