Items tagged “cases”
5,524 results found
Article
Anemia of chronic disease
Anemia of chronic disease, also known as anemia of inflammation, is a type of anemia caused by chronic inflammation.
Terminology
According to some sources, the term 'anemia of inflammation' should replace, or has already replaced, the terms 'anemia of chronic disease' and 'anemia of chronic d...
Article
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a very rare inherited condition characterized by progressive gastrointestinal and neurological dysfunction.
Terminology
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy has been known as a number of different names previousl...
Article
Rapidly progressive left ventricular myocardial calcification
Rapidly progressive left ventricular myocardial calcification is a rarely reported phenomenon of severe sepsis and renal failure usually occurring over weeks.
Pathology
The exact etiology is not well known although some attribute it to the release of cardio-suppressing mediators with calcium-p...
Article
Vertebrovenous fistula
Vertebrovenous fistulas are uncommon arteriovenous fistulas between the vertebral artery and the adjacent vertebral venous plexus 1. They can present with a variety of symptoms, including bruits and neurological symptoms and occur either spontaneously, typically in patients with connective tissu...
Article
Levamisole-induced leukoencephalopathy
Levamisole-induced leukoencephalopathy, also known as levamisole-associated multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy, is a rare but likely under-diagnosed demyelinating toxic leukoencephalopathy.
Levamisole is a medication which was previously used to treat parasitic infections, aphthous ulc...
Article
Dumping syndrome
Dumping syndrome is a common complication following gastric, bariatric or esophageal surgeries.
There are two types of dumping syndrome:
early dumping syndrome
postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (late dumping syndrome)
Epidemiology
Dumping syndrome occurs in approximately 12-40% of ...
Article
Flavoring-related lung disease
Flavoring-related lung disease is a potentially disabling and sometimes fatal lung disease of workers making or using flavourings. It is a form of inhalational lung disease and some also regard it as a form of pneumoconiosis.
Pathology
It is thought to be mostly triggered by volatile α-dicarbo...
Article
Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis (PAGCL)
Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis (PAGCL) is a rare complication of arthroscopic surgery in which there is rapid dissolution of articular cartilage with degenerative change of the glenohumeral articulation.
Epidemiology
PAGCL is more frequent in young people between 10 and 40 years, a...
Article
Infraorbital nerve block
Infraorbital nerve blocks can be used as part of the management of trigeminal neuralgia or the rarer isolated infraorbital neuralgia. Ultrasound guidance is useful to identify the infraorbital nerve directly as well as identify anatomical variations 1,2.
Indications
infraorbital neuralgia non-...
Article
CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy
CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy, also known as leukoencephalopathy with ataxia, is a rare leukodystrophy characterized by mild and slowly progressive ataxia and distinct abnormalities on MRI brain.
Epidemiology
The incidence and prevalence of CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy is not known, b...
Article
Bright tree appearance (brain)
The bright tree appearance is a radiological pattern appreciated on MRI brain diffusion-weighted sequences in pediatric patients with severe encephalopathy syndromes. The appearance describes widespread restricted diffusion affecting the subcortical white matter, giving the appearance of multipl...
Article
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD), also known as acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late restricted diffusion, is a rare, acute, often parainfectious, pediatric encephalopathy syndrome.
Epidemiology
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic sei...
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus (renal manifestations)
Renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus include several conditions secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) effecting the kidneys. While lupus nephritis drives kidney damage in many patients other entities considered by some but not all separate, such as lupus podocytopathy, ...
Article
Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome
Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) is a rare pediatric encephalopathy syndrome with a high mortality rate.
Epidemiology
Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome is considered rare, although the exact global incidence and prevalence is not known. The condition occurs in i...
Article
Medium vessel occlusion
Medium vessel occlusion (MeVO), also termed distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO), describes occlusion of a medium-sized intracranial artery resulting in impending acute ischemic stroke.
Definition
One consensus definition of ‘medium vessel’ suggests intracranial arteries with a luminal diamet...
Article
Gallbladder lymphoma
Gallbladder lymphoma is exceedingly rare and presents diagnostic challenges due to its imaging characteristics often resembling those of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
Epidemiology
Primary lymphomas of the gallbladder are extremely rare, accounting for approximately 0.1-0.2% of all malignant tumo...
Article
Bagel sign (Behçet disease)
The bagel sign is a radiological sign appreciated on MRI spine that is described in patients with neuro-Behçet disease-associated myelitis.
The sign describes the involvement of the spinal cord as seen on axial T2 sequences in patients with myelitis, whereby there is a round hyperintense lesion...
Article
Cascade sign (Behçet disease)
The cascade sign, also known as the waterfall sign, is a radiological sign appreciated on MRI brain that is described in patients with neuro-Behçet disease involving the mesodiencephalic junction.
The sign describes the involvement of the mesodiencephalic junction as seen on coronal T2/FLAIR se...
Article
Hypodense vessel sign
The hypodense vessel sign, or hypodense artery sign, is a radiological sign appreciated on non-contrast CT brain in acute ischemic stroke due to the rare entity of fat macroembolism causing large vessel occlusion. Notably, this is a distinct sign to the hyperdense vessel sign.
The sign describe...
Article
Prominent vessel sign
The prominent vessel sign, or prominent hypointense vessel sign, is a radiological sign appreciated on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) that is described most commonly in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
The sign describes hypointense blooming artifact seen on SWI brain MRI within mult...
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