Items tagged “cases”
5,517 results found
Article
Multiple filling defects of the ureter (differential)
Multiple filling defects within a ureter, as seen on conventional IVU or CT IVU, have a relatively small differential including:
spreading or multifocal transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
vascular indentations
multiple ureteral stones (steinstrasse)
blood clots
ureteritis cystica
Stevens-Jo...
Article
Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstructions are common and account for 20% of admissions with "surgical abdomens". Radiology is important in confirming the diagnosis and identifying the underlying cause.
Bowel obstructions are usually divided according to where the obstruction occurs, and since imaging appearances, und...
Article
Tombstone iliac wings
Tombstone iliac wings, also referred to as Mickey Mouse ears pelvis, is an imaging descriptor for the iliac wings of individuals with achondroplasia 1. These are seen to be small and squared and have been likened to the appearance of tombstones or the ears of Mickey Mouse.
Article
Tracheal and endobronchial lesions
Primary tracheal and endobronchial lesions are generally rare and can be either malignant or benign. The majority of these lesions are malignant.
Pathology
Malignant
primary malignant endobronchial lesions
bronchogenic adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma: commonest malignant les...
Article
Clagett thoracotomy
A Clagett thoracotomy is a three stage procedure performed for treatment severe empyema and involves the resection of a posterolateral lower rib and the formation of an open window in the lateral aspect of the chest to allow continuous drainage and irrigation of the cavity with antibiotic soluti...
Article
Diffuse tracheal narrowing
Conditions associated with diffuse tracheal narrowing or collapse include (in alphabetical order):
amyloidosis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): saber sheath trachea
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
relapsing polychondritis
sarcoidosis
tracheobronchial tuberculosis 3
tracheoma...
Article
HIV associated neoplasms
HIV-associated neoplasms are numerous and can be broadly divided into two groups:
AIDS-defining malignancies
associated but not AIDS defining malignancies
AIDS-defining malignancies
The development of these malignancies in HIV affected individuals generally implies progression to AIDS...
Article
Incomplete hippocampal inversion
Incomplete hippocampal inversion describes the situation where the normal inversion of the hippocampus fails to happen during development.
Terminology
Incomplete hippocampal inversion is the most correct description of this finding. Hippocampal malrotation is a term used by some authors 1 alth...
Article
Renal antibioma
Renal antibiomas are postinflammatory cystic fluid collections during or after antibiotic treatment for acute pyelonephritis.
Radiographic features
These are usually <3 cm sized, with no or minimal post contrast wall enhancement or thickening.
Differential diagnosis
renal abscess
perinephri...
Article
Small cell lung cancer (staging) (historical)
Previously, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was not staged in the same manner as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but since 2013 both are staged using the IASLC (International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer) lung cancer staging system.
The idea behind a different staging system for ...
Article
Split pleura sign (empyema)
The split pleura sign is seen with pleural empyemas and is considered the most reliable CT sign helping to distinguish an empyema from a peripheral pulmonary abscess (see empyema vs pulmonary abscess) 1,2.
The sign results from fibrin coating both the parietal and visceral surfaces of the pleu...
Article
Congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis
Congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis is a manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis and refers to development of cerebral toxoplasmosis in the fetus through maternal transmission.
Please refer on congenital toxoplasmosis to a broad discussion on epidemiology and pathology.
Radiographic features
...
Article
POEMS syndrome
POEMS syndrome is the acronymic name for a rare multisystem paraneoplastic disorder including the following features:
P: polyneuropathy
O: organomegaly
E: endocrinopathy
M: monoclonal gammopathy
S: skin changes
Clinical presentation
The diagnostic criteria differ from the acronym. Accordi...
Article
WHO histological classification of benign renal neoplasms
Benign renal tumors were histologically classified according to the World Health Organizatiοn 1. This is the subset of entities in the 2016 WHO classification of renal tumors that are associated with an International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) behavior code of 0, indicating...
Article
Renal arterial resistive index
The renal arterial resistive index (RI) is a sonographic index of intrarenal arteries defined as (peak systolic velocity - end-diastolic velocity) / peak systolic velocity. The normal range is 0.50-0.70. Elevated values are associated with poorer prognosis in various renal disorders and renal tr...
Article
Ghon lesion
A Ghon lesion, sometimes called a Ghon focus, represents a tuberculous caseating granuloma (tuberculoma) and represents a sequela of primary pulmonary tuberculosis infection.
Terminology
Radiologically, this term is used quite loosely to refer to a calcified granuloma; technically, the Ghon le...
Article
Hodgkin lymphoma (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of Hodgkin lymphoma are relatively rare, present in 5-12% of patients at the time of diagnosis. It is relatively more common with the nodular sclerosing subtype. Pulmonary involvement usually indicates stage IV disease.
Radiographic features
Bilateral involvement is ...
Article
Piezoelectric effect
The piezoelectric effect converts kinetic or mechanical energy, due to crystal deformation, into electrical energy. This is how ultrasound transducers receive the sound waves.
The same effect can be used in reverse – inverse piezoelectric effect – whereby the application of an electric field to...
Article
Ultrasound frequencies
Ultrasound frequencies in diagnostic radiology range from 2 MHz to approximately 15 MHz.
Higher ultrasound frequencies have shorter wavelengths and provide better detail and spatial resolution (recall that Axial resolution (ultrasound) = ½ ⨉ spatial pulse length). However, shorter wavelengths...
Article
Large unilateral pleural effusion
When a pleural effusion is large and unilateral, concern for an underlying abnormality should be raised. Causes include:
tumor
bronchogenic carcinoma
mesothelioma
pleural metastases
lymphoma
pleural lymphoma
primary effusion lymphoma
infection
parapneumonic effusion
empyema
extension ...
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