Items tagged “fractures”
45 results found
Article
Barton fracture
Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius. It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.
Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Therefore, i...
Article
Cervical spine fractures
Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.
Epidemiology
Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and...
Article
Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation
Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation is characterized by a fracture of the radial head, dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and rupture of the antebrachial interosseous membrane 3.
Epidemiology
As little as 20% of Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocations are recognized at the time of initial...
Article
Galeazzi fracture-dislocation
Galeazzi fracture-dislocations consist of a fracture of the distal part of the radius with disruption of the distal radioulnar joint. A Galeazzi-equivalent fracture is a distal radial fracture with a distal ulnar physeal fracture 2.
Epidemiology
Galeazzi fractures are primarily encountered in ...
Article
Monteggia fracture-dislocation
Monteggia fracture-dislocations consist of a fracture of the ulnar shaft with concomitant dislocation of the radial head. The ulnar fracture is usually obvious, whereas the radial head dislocation can be overlooked, with potentially serious functional and medico-legal ramifications.
Mechanism
...
Article
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid fractures (i.e. fractures through the scaphoid bone) are common, in some instances can be difficult to diagnose, and can result in significant functional impairment.
Epidemiology
Scaphoid fractures account for 70-80% of all carpal bone fractures 1. Although they occur essentially at a...
Article
Smith fracture
Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fra...
Article
Spinal fractures
Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Examples include:
Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1
hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2
dens fracture
flexion teardrop...
Article
Upper extremity fractures
The upper limb sustains a wide variety of fractures that range significantly in demographics, treatment and functional impact.
clavicle
clavicular fracture
acromio-clavicular dislocation
scapula
blade of scapula fracture
glenoid fracture
acromial fracture
cora...
Article
Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal
The proximal 5th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures. These include:
Jones fracture
avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal
stress fracture of the 5th metatarsal
The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural history and treatment, therefore an ...
Article
Eponymous fractures
There are numerous eponymous fractures which are named after the people who first described their existence (but see Stigler's law of eponymy) 1:
Regional List
Facial/Skull
Le Fort facial fractures
Vertebral
Chance fracture
clay-shoveler fracture: 7th cervical spinous process
hangman frac...
Article
Goyrand fracture
Goyrand fracture is another name for a Smith fracture (reverse Barton fracture) and is predominantly used in France or French-influenced countries.
For a discussion of this fracture refer to the article on Smith fractures.
History and etymology
Named after Jean-Gaspard-Blaise Goyrand: French ...
Article
Chauffeur fracture
Chauffeur fractures (also known as Hutchinson fractures or backfire fractures) are intra-articular fractures of the radial styloid process. The radial styloid is within the fracture fragment, although the fragment can vary markedly in size.
Pathology
Mechanism
These injuries are sustained eit...
Article
Fall onto an outstretched hand
Fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) is a common mechanism for traumatic disruption of the osseous and ligamentous structures of the wrist, forearm and elbow. Some commonly recognized patterns of injury include;
distal radial fractures
Colles fracture
Smith fracture
Barton fracture
Chauff...
Article
Facet dislocation
Facet dislocation refers to the anterior displacement of one vertebral body on another. Without a fracture, the only way anterior displacement can occur is by dislocation of the facets.
Facet dislocation can occur to varying degrees:
subluxed facets
perched facets
locked facets
The injury ...
Case
Extradural hematoma
Published
10 Aug 2010
77% complete
CT
Article
Elbow dislocation
Elbow dislocation is the second most common large joint dislocation in adults and the most common in children.
Epidemiology
Elbow dislocations are common and account for 10-25% of all elbow injuries in the adult population 1. They are the most common dislocation in children 4.
Associations
...
Case
Bilateral distal radial fractures
Published
17 Aug 2010
79% complete
X-ray
Case
Mallet finger
Published
31 Oct 2010
66% complete
X-ray
Article
Nasal bone fracture
Nasal bone fractures are the most common type of facial fractures, accounting for ~45% of facial fractures, and are often missed when significant facial swelling is present.
Clinical presentation
Unsurprisingly, nasal bone fractures occur when the nose impacts against a solid object (e.g. fis...