Items tagged “heart”
87 results found
Article
Cardiac blood pool scan
A multi-gated (MUGA) cardiac blood pool scan (sometimes just called a MUGA scan) is a common study performed in patients who are receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy.
Indications
acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
coronary artery disease (CAD)
evaluation after coronary artery bypas...
Article
Hypertension
Hypertension refers to an increase in blood pressure above the 'normal' for the age, sex, and ethnicity of the patient. This can be specified according to the vascular system involved. Although generally when it is not specified it is assumed to refer to the systemic type.
systemic hypertension...
Article
Hoffman-Rigler sign (heart)
The Hoffman-Rigler sign is a sign of left ventricular enlargement inferred from the distance between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and left ventricle (LV).
Radiographic features
On a lateral chest radiograph, if the distance between the left ventricular border and the posterior border of IVC e...
Article
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is an illness caused by an immunological reaction following group A streptococcal infection.
Epidemiology
Risk factors include:
children and adolescents aged 5 to 15 years
developing nations where antibiotic prescription is low 1
poverty, overcrowding
Clinical presentation...
Article
Systemic hypertension
Systemic hypertension is defined medically as a blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg. Recently the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have changed guidelines to indicate that pressures above 130/80 mmHg will be considered hypertension, however the Europe...
Article
Straight back syndrome
Straight back syndrome refers to decreased thoracic kyphosis ("flattening") and decreased anteroposterior thoracic diameter, such that there is compression of cardiovascular or bronchial structures.
It should not be confused with flat back syndrome, which refers to decreased lumbar lordosis, o...
Article
Atrial septal defect
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the second most common congenital heart defect after ventricular septal defect (VSD). Diagnosis is often delayed until adulthood when complications arise such as atrial arrhythmias or pulmonary hypertension. The radiologist may be the first to suggest the diagnosis ...
Article
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a type of cardiomyopathy defined by left ventricular hypertrophy which cannot otherwise be explained by another cardiac or systemic disease. It is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in infants, teenagers, and young adults.
Terminology
Although hypert...
Case
Pericardial effusion
Published
23 Nov 2009
95% complete
CT
Article
Pericardial effusion
Pericardial effusions occur when excess fluid collects in the pericardial space (a normal pericardial sac contains approximately 30-50 mL of fluid).
Epidemiology
There is no single demographic affected, as there are many underlying causes of pericardial effusion.
Clinical presentation
Clinic...
Article
Acyanotic congenital heart disease
Acyanotic congenital heart disease comprises numerous etiologies, which can be divided into those with increased pulmonary vascularity (pulmonary plethora) and those with normal vascularity:
increased pulmonary vascularity
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
atrial septal defect (ASD)
atrioventr...
Case
Atrial myxoma
Published
10 Feb 2010
95% complete
MRI
X-ray
CT
Article
Right coronary artery
The right coronary artery (RCA) is one of the two main coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The right coronary artery arises from its ostium in the right sinus of Valsalva, found between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction.
Co...
Article
Primary cardiac tumors
Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon and comprise only a small minority of all tumors that involve the heart: most are mediastinal or lung tumors that extend through the pericardium and into the heart, or metastases 1.
Epidemiology
Primary cardiac tumors have an estimated autopsy prevalence of ...
Article
Primary benign cardiac tumors
Primary benign cardiac tumors are much less common than secondary metastatic deposits. However, they are more likely when a cardiac mass is seen outside of the setting of terminal metastatic disease. Tumors include 1,2:
cardiac myxoma
most common in adults
accounts for ~50% of all pr...
Article
Primary malignant cardiac tumors
Primary malignant cardiac tumors are rare and account for only ~25% of primary cardiac tumors, and only a small proportion of all malignant tumors which involve the heart: direct extension of adjacent tumors or metastatic deposits are far more common.
Pathology
Histological types include 1:
...
Case
Cardiac myxoma (gross pathology)
Published
29 Mar 2010
41% complete
Photo
Article
Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
A sinus of Valsalva aneurysm refers to abnormal dilatation of the sinus of valsalva and is a cause of thoracic aortic dilatation. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms arise from one of the aortic sinuses. They are either congenital or acquired.
Epidemiology
There is a male predilection (M:F ratio being...
Case
Renal osteodystrophy
Published
09 Jul 2010
74% complete
CT
Case
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Published
31 Jul 2010
86% complete
X-ray
Nuclear medicine