Items tagged “stub”
1,311 results found
Article
Intramural uterine leiomyoma
Intramural uterine leiomyoma is the most common type of uterine leiomyoma in terms of location. They are centered primarily within the myometrium. A large intramural uterine leiomyoma can, however, have a submucosal or subserosal component.
Clinical presentation
They are usually asymptomatic; ...
Article
Van der Woude syndrome
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is characterized by the association of congenital lower lip fistulae/pits with cleft lip and/or palate.
It is one of the most common clefting syndromes in humans 1 and affected individuals have a high prevalence of hypodontia.
Pathology
Genetics
It carries an aut...
Article
Fimbrial ectopic pregnancy
A fimbrial ectopic pregnancy is a subtype of tubal ectopic pregnancy. This subtype accounts for ~ 5 -11% 1,3 of all tubal ectopic pregnancies. In a fimbrial ectopic, the implantation is at the fimbria of the fallopian tube which is closest to the ovary. The chance of a tubal rupture is comparati...
Article
Subserosal leiomyoma of the uterus
Subserosal uterine leiomyoma is a subtype of uterine leiomyoma that often exophytically projects outwards from a subserosal location. While its exact definition may vary, a leiomyoma is often called subserosal if >50% of the fibroid protrudes out of the serosal surface of the uterus 2.
Clinica...
Article
Fetal urinary ascites
Fetal urinary ascites is one of the causes of fetal ascites and can arise from a number of pathologies:
in utero bladder perforation
fetal megacystis
transudation from the fetal bladder
persistent urogenital sinus
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
The presence of fetal ascites without fe...
Article
In utero herpes simplex infection
In utero herpes simplex infection usually occurs from transplacental transmission of the herpes simplex virus. Transplacental intrauterine infection with herpes simplex virus is an extremely rare complication of primary herpes simplex in pregnancy.
Epidemiology
Fetal HSV infection much less co...
Article
Ruptured omphalocele
Ruptured omphalocele occurs when there is rupture of the outer membrane of an omphalocele. When this happens the eviscerated fetal bowel looks free floating and distinction from gastroschisis becomes difficult. However, with a ruptured omphalocele, the abdominal defect generally tends to be larg...
Article
Twin growth disparity
A twin growth disparity is a closely related term to twin growth discordance. In a twin growth disparity, there may be a significant size or weight difference between the two fetuses but estimated fetal weight of smaller twin does not fall below the 10th centile. ( In contrast to twin growth dis...
Article
Empty amnion sign
The empty amnion sign is a sonographic observation where there is the visualization of an amniotic sac without concomitant visualization of an embryo. It is an indicator of pregnancy failure regardless of the mean sac diameter and is considered to have a sufficiently high positive predictive val...
Article
Umbilical venous dilatation
Umbilical venous dilatation is a rare entity and often tends to occur as an isolated finding 4.
Dilatation of the umbilical vein can arise from a number of pathologies:
umbilical venous varix (UVV): particularly if focal
fetal hydrops: a focal dilatation due to an umbilical venous varix with...
Article
Placental chorioangiomatosis
Placental chorioangiomatosis is an extremely rare condition where numerous placental chorioangiomas involve the placenta. The individual chorioangiomas can be of varying size.
Complications
Recognized complications include
precipitation of fetal hydrops 2
fetal anemia
fetal cerebral emboli 1
Article
Tubulolobular carcinoma of the breast
A tubulolobular carcinoma (TLC) of the breast is considered a subtype of breast cancer that features of both invasive lobular carcinoma and tubular carcinoma of the breast. It therefore exhibits features of both ductal and lobular differentiation. Multifocality, muticentricity and percentage of ...
Article
Adenosis of the breast
Adenosis of the breast is a benign lobulocentric proliferative process in which lobules are enlarged and increased in number in addition to an increased number of glands within each lobule.
Pathologically subclassified into three main subtypes which include:
sclerosing adenosis of the breast
...
Article
Subendometrial cysts
Subendometrial cysts can arise from several pathologies which include
adenomyosis 2
tamoxifen-associated endometrial changes 1,3
Differential diagnosis
Considerations include
superiorly positioned nabothian cyst
Article
Dystocia
The term dystocia in obstetrics means a "difficult birth".
There can be many types of dystocia which include:
shoulder dystocia
cervical dystocia
pelvic dystocia
Article
Metastatic intramammary lymph node
A metastatic intramammary lymph node refers to an intramammary lymph node involved with metastatic or malignant disease.
Radiographic features
Breast ultrasound
Sonographic features that suggest metastatic involvement include 4:
disappearance or loss of central echogenic hilar region
marked...
Article
Tent sign (breast)
The tent sign is a term referring to a characteristic appearance of the posterior edge of the breast parenchyma when a mass (usually an infiltrating lesion) causes its retraction and forms an inverted "V" that resembles the tip of a circus tent.
The detection of a "tent sign" is facilitated by ...
Article
Interocular distance
The interocular distance (IOD) is a measurement between the two medial canthi of each eye. It is often measured as an accessory biometric parameter on routine antenatal ultrasound scans on the axial images. As a rule of thumb, the interorbital distance should be roughly equal to the ocular diame...
Article
Binocular distance
The binocular distance (BOD) is a measurement between the two lateral (outer) canthi of each eye. It is sometimes used as a accessory fetal biometric parameter where it is often documented on both 2nd trimester anatomy scans on axial brain scans. The largest diameter of the orbit should be used ...
Article
Shortening of the cervical canal
Shortening of the uterine cervical canal as the name implies refers to an abnormal shortening of the uterine cervical length. It is considered a sign of cervical incompetence during pregnancy and can lead to premature delivery.
Pathology
Etiology
primary (i.e. congenital/idiopathic)
secondar...
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