Items tagged “stub”
1,311 results found
Article
Segmental renal hypoplasia
Segmental renal hypoplasia, also known as the Ask-Upmark kidney, is a type of renal hypoplasia. It is often found in young females with severe hypertension. The etiology is unknown but has been postulated to be congenital or a sequelae of pyelonephritis. It is associated with severe juvenile hyp...
Article
Ramus intermedius artery
The ramus intermedius is a variant coronary artery resulting from trifurcation of the left main coronary artery 1. It is present in ~20% (range 15-30%) 2,3 of the population.
It can have a course similar to the obtuse marginal branches of the left circumflex artery or the diagonal branches of t...
Article
Radioisotope spills
Radioisotope spills are classified as major or minor.
Examples of major spills include quantities equal to or larger than:
1mCi I-131
100 mCi Tc-99m or Tl-201
10 mCi Ga-67, In-111, or I-123
Article
Ligamentum venosum
The ligamentum venosum is a fibrous remnant which travels superiorly from the porta hepatis of the liver to the inferior vena cava. It is often obliterated in adults.
In the fetus, it is patent and known as the ductus venosus which shunts blood returning from the placenta in the umbilical vein...
Article
Common bile duct
The common bile duct (CBD), which is sometimes simply known as the bile duct, is formed by the union of the cystic duct and common hepatic duct (CHD).
Terminology
On ultrasound, it is not always possible to confidently see where the cystic duct enters the common hepatic duct to form the common...
Article
Common hepatic duct
The common hepatic duct (CHD) is formed by the right and left hepatic ducts junction. It joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct (CBD). It is approximately 4 cm long and 4 mm in diameter, typically.
Together with the cystic duct (laterally) and cystic artery (superiorly), they form ...
Article
Windswept pelvis
A windswept pelvis fracture is a complex bony pelvic injury caused by a combination of unilateral AP compression (open book) injury with a contralateral lateral compression injury.
It occurs when the internal rotation of one iliac wing causes a unilateral sacral compression fracture, while the...
Article
Light chain deposition disease (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary light chain deposition disease is a rare manifestation of systemic light chain deposition disease (LCDD).
Pathology
Fragments of immunoglobulin light chains secreted by a plasma clone are deposited as amorphous eosinophilic material in the alveolar walls, small airways, and vessels 2...
Article
Acoustic shadowing
Acoustic shadowing (sometimes referred to as posterior acoustic shadowing) is a form of ultrasound artifact. It is characterized by the apparent lack of signal deep to an imaged tissue interface, due to all (or nearly all) of the transmitted sound wave being being reflected back to the transduce...
Article
Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary trunk
Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary trunk is a rare congenital anomaly comprising pulmonary trunk enlargement with or without dilatation of the right and left pulmonary arteries.
For this diagnosis, exclusion of pulmonary and cardiac diseases (mainly pulmonary valve stenosis) and confirmatio...
Article
Pulmonary mesenchymal cystic hamartoma
Pulmonary mesenchymal cystic hamartomas (PMHCs) are a rare subtype of pulmonary hamartomas.
Pathology
They usually comprise multiple bilateral cysts and nodules. The cyst walls are lined with normal respiratory epithelium and the nodules are permeated by scattered airways that are also lined w...
Article
Intrapulmonary lymph nodes
Intrapulmonary lymph nodes, or pulmonary lymph nodes, are normal lymph nodes found within the lung parenchyma itself.
Terminology
Intrapulmonary lymph nodes may be perifissural (lying along a fissure) or juxtapleural, meaning within 15mm of visceral pleura 2. The 2024 Fleischner glossary has r...
Article
Cyamella
A cyamella is a rare sesamoid bone that exists as a normal variant within the popliteus tendon, characteristically located at the lateral aspect of the distal femur in the popliteal groove.
Cyamella is best seen on the AP view of plain radiograph as opposed to fabella, which is best appreciated...
Article
5-F risk factors for cholelithiasis (mnemonic)
The 5-F rule refers to risk factors for the development of cholelithiasis in the event of upper abdominal pain:
fair: more prevalent in the Caucasian population 1
fat: BMI >30 kg/m2 and hyperlipidemia 3,4
female
fertile: one or more children
forty: age ≥40 years
cholelithiasis can occur in...
Article
Styloid apparatus
The styloid apparatus, found within the parapharyngeal space, refers to the structures derived from the second branchial arch (see branchial apparatus) along with associated ligaments and muscles:
styloid process of the temporal bone
lesser horn of the hyoid bone
Riolan's bouquet (white flowe...
Article
Coronal suture
The coronal suture is the cranial suture formed between the two parietal bones and the frontal bone. At the junction of coronal, sagittal and frontal sutures, the anterior fontanelle is located which is open at birth and usually fuses at around 18-24 months after birth. The junction of the coron...
Article
Extrapleural air sign (pneumomediastinum)
The extrapleural air sign is one of the many signs of pneumomediastinum, and was first described by Lillard and Allen in 1965. It is defined as the presence of gas between the parietal pleura and the diaphragm. On a lateral projection, the gas forms a radiolucent pocket of gas posterior to the d...
Article
Wilson Mikity syndrome
Wilson Mikity syndrome (WMS) refers to chronic lung disease in premature infants, characterized by early development of cystic interstitial emphysema (PIE). This is now sometimes considered as part of the spectrum of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
History and etymology
Almost 51 years ago, Wilson...
Article
Doppler shift
Doppler shift or Doppler effect is defined as the change in frequency of sound wave due to a reflector moving towards or away from an object, which in the case of ultrasound is the transducer.
Terminology
When sound of a given frequency is discharged and subsequently reflected from a source th...
Article
Forked umbilical cord
Forked umbilical cord is a rare anomaly of the umbilical cord, which can be detected on an antenatal scan. The umbilical cord splits into two cords and contains three vessels in each of the bifurcated cords. This anomaly is seen associated with monochorionic twins.
Radiographic features
Ultras...
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