Items tagged “stub”
1,311 results found
Article
Renal arterial cut-off sign
Renal arterial cut-off sign, as the name suggests, is an abrupt termination of the contrast-opacified lumen of the renal artery. It may or may not be associated with contrast extravasation.
It is seen in a vascular injury, e.g. segmental or main renal artery thrombosis or occlusion.
Article
Spotted nephrogram
A spotted nephrogram is a descriptive term indicating an appearance of patchy, segmental and subsegmental renal parenchymal enhancement.
Pathology
The pattern is indicative of focal areas of cortical ischemia or necrosis, as a result of small vessel occlusion. This abnormal perfusion pattern c...
Article
Balloon on a string sign (ureter)
The balloon on a string sign refers to the appearance of the ureter on intravenous urography in ureteropelvic junction obstruction. It is seen due to the high and eccentric point of the exit of ureter from a dilated renal pelvis.
Article
Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia
Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is a type of rare, benign, lymphoproliferative disease. It is most commonly reported affecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems.
The presence of gut/mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (GALT/MALT) can be seen in children and young adults as a normal ...
Article
Kidney sweat sign
The kidney sweat sign refers to the presence of thin, hypoechoic, extracapsular fluid collections around kidneys in renal failure patients. This fluid is thought to represent perirenal edema. It can be appreciated on ultrasound, CT and MRI.
Differential diagnosis
perirenal hematoma
perirenal...
Article
Renal hilar lip
A renal hilar lip is a developmental anomaly of the kidney. It is an infolding of the cortex at the level of the renal sinus and in this region the renal cortex appears thicker.
Radiographic features
On imaging it appears as supra- or infra-hilar cortical bulges. At certain levels of cross-se...
Article
Moth eaten calyces
Moth eaten calyx refers to the ragged, feathery calyceal outline due to irregular erosions of the calyx. It is one of the earliest excretory urographic appearance of genitourinary tuberculosis.
Pathology
This appearance is due to necrotizing papillitis, which may further progress to form medu...
Article
Bullet and bodkin sign
Bullet and bodkin sign is the appearance of the ureter when there is an abrupt transition in the ureteral caliber. Bullet in the name is represented by the dilated proximal ureteric segment which appears to be perched on the constricted / non-dilated encased ureter which gives an appearance of a...
Article
Extrapleural sign
The extrapleural sign refers to the appearance of a pulmonary opacity with oblique margins that taper slowly to the chest wall when the lesion is viewed tangentially to the x-ray beam. This appearance suggests that the lesion is pleural or extrapleural in nature, as opposed to intrapulmonary whe...
Article
Pie in the sky bladder
Pie in the sky bladder refers to the appearance of a contrast-opacified floating bladder seen high in the pelvis due to the presence of a large pelvic hematoma. This sign should raise concern regarding the possibility of an underlying urethral injury.
Article
Threads and streaks sign
The threads and streaks sign refers to an angiographic appearance of a vascularized tumor thrombus extending into the ipsilateral renal vein or the inferior vena cava from a renal cell carcinoma. This gives an appearance of linear, thread-like or string-like appearance of the involved vessel.
...
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Spoke wheel pattern in kidney
A spoke wheel pattern in renal imaging refers to a vascular appearance seen with certain renal tumors, typically seen in oncocytomas but can also be seen in renal cell carcinomas.
This appearance refers to a peripheral rim of vessels from which centripetal vessels converge centrally giving the...
Article
Pulmonary sequestration (intralobar)
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration (ILS) is a subtype of pulmonary sequestration.
Clinical presentation
Patients usually present before the third decade with recurrent infection.
Pathology
It is the commoner type of pulmonary sequestration (four times commoner than extralobar sequestration)...
Article
Small aorta (differential)
Causes of a small aorta include:
Williams syndrome
Takayasu arteritis
giant cell arteritis
neurofibromatosis
midaortic syndrome
small aorta syndrome
idiopathic
Article
Tangential calcium sign
A tangential calcium sign is a sign seen with an aortic aneurysm rupture. The calcified intimal rim is discontinuous and is seen to tangentially point away from the aneurysmal lumen. This sign is seen at the point of breach. There is associated retroperitoneal leakage.
Article
Perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis
Perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis is a subtype of a spectrum of retroperitoneal fibrosis. It is characterized by association with an inflammatory aneurysm, adventitial and periadventitial inflammation, medial thinning and chronic retroperitoneal inflammatory process which is associated wit...
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McRae line
McRae line is a radiographic line drawn on a lateral skull radiograph or on a midsagittal section of CT or MRI that connects the anterior and posterior margins of the foramen magnum (basion to opisthion).
Significance
indicates the presence of basilar invagination (atlantoaxial impaction): the...
Article
Boogard's angle
Boogard's angle is measured by drawing a line from basion to opisthion and another line along the plane of the clivus to the basion intersecting the first line - the angle between these two lines is measured.
The normal angle is 126° +/- 6°. If the angle measures more than 136° it is indicative...
Article
Ranawat's line
Ranawat's line is the perpendicular distance between the center of the sclerotic ring of C2 and a line drawn along the axis of the C1 vertebra.
Normal value is 17 mm in males and 15 mm in females. It is decreased in basilar invagination.
History and etymology
Chitranjan S Ranawat (fl. 2020) i...
Article
Carrying angle
Carrying angle is a small degree of cubitus valgus, formed between the axis of a radially deviated forearm and the axis of the humerus. It helps the arms to swing without hitting the hips while walking. In full flexion these axes become aligned.
Normally it is 14° (female) and 11° (male) away ...
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