Articles
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16,879 results found
Article
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cyst
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cysts are intra-articular ganglion cysts and are the most common mass-like lesions within the Hoffa fat pad.
Epidemiology
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cysts are rare and less common than cruciate ligament ganglion cysts 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Ganglia within Hoffa’s fat p...
Article
Flashlight sign (B-flow)
The flashlight sign is a B-flow vascular ultrasound sign caused by wall adherent and floating thrombi and emboli in arteries, which appear as bright spots on imaging.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
The flashlight sign is described as a moving, very bright intraluminal focus of signal on B-f...
Article
Arterial vasocorona
The arterial vasocorona is part of the spinal cord blood supply and is formed by pial anastomoses between the anterior and posterior spinal arteries on the surface of the spinal cord. It encircles the cord and supplies the peripheral lateral aspect of the spinal cord.
Engorgement of arterial v...
Article
Traumatic pneumatocoele
A traumatic pneumatocoele is caused by a compression-decompression force which causes a burst injury. Elastic recoil creates a cavity which may contain gas and blood.
Terminology
Traumatic pneumatocele is synonymous with pulmonary laceration.
Epidemiology
They tend to occur in children and ...
Article
Petersen hernia
Petersen hernias are internal hernias which occur in the potential space posterior to a gastrojejunostomy. This is herniation of intestinal loops through the defect between the small bowel limbs, the transverse mesocolon, and the retroperitoneum, after any type of gastrojejunostomy. The laparosc...
Article
Retroperitoneum
The retroperitoneum is the part of the abdominal cavity that lies between the posterior parietal peritoneum anteriorly and the posterior abdominal wall 4. It is C-shaped on axial cross-section with convexity projecting anteriorly in the mid-line.
Gross anatomy
The retroperitoneum is variably ...
Article
Craniotomy
A craniotomy is a surgical procedure where a piece of calvarial bone is removed to allow intracranial exposure. The bone flap is replaced at the end of the procedure, usually secured with microplates and screws. If the bone flap is not replaced it is either a craniectomy (bone removed) or cranio...
Article
Maffucci syndrome
Maffucci syndrome is a congenital nonhereditary, sporadic, mesodermal dysplasia characterized by multiple enchondromas with soft-tissue venous malformations and/or spindle-cell hemangiomas 6,7, generally caused by somatic mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 6.
On imaging, it is usually portrayed by a sho...
Article
Solitary fibrous tumor of the thorax
Solitary fibrous tumors of the thorax are rare pleural-based tumors that account for <5% of all primary pleural tumors 16. While their behavior is variable, they are typically indolent, benign-behaving tumors. Locally aggressive features with malignant transformation, into undifferentiated sarco...
Article
Transitional cell carcinoma (urinary bladder)
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), also called urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder, is the most common primary neoplasm of the urinary bladder, and bladder TCC is the most common tumor of the entire urinary system.
This article concerns itself with transitional cell carcinomas of the...
Article
Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis
Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis, also known as pyelosinus backflow, is a rare complication that can occasionally occur with obstructive urolithiasis (usually in the distal third of the ureter) or occasionally infection 1. Leakage of urine can result in a urinoma, and there is an increase...
Article
Desmoid tumor
Desmoid tumors are benign, non-inflammatory fibroblastic tumors with a tendency for local invasion and recurrence post resection. They are sometimes considered a locally aggressive proliferative disease within the family of soft-tissue sarcomas but, metastasis is uncommon 7,11.
Terminology
Th...
Article
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and skeletal fragility.
The World Health Organization (WHO) operationally defines osteoporosis as a bone mineral density T-score less than -2.5 SD (more than 2.5 standard deviations under the young-adult mean), which ...
Article
MRI in patients with pacemaker systems
MRI in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has increasingly become a requirement in radiological departments 1-8. Especially in the setting of patients with MR conditional pacemaker systems, where all the manufacturer's instructions are followed and a standardized institu...
Article
Neuroblastoma (staging)
There are two methods of neuroblastoma staging; the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INRGSS, based on imaging of pre-treatment patients), and the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS, based on the outcomes of surgery).
International Neuroblastoma Risk Group St...
Article
Diffuse brainstem glioma (historical)
Diffuse brainstem gliomas or diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas was a term used to describe infiltrating astrocytomas arising in the brainstem, usually in children. It is no longer recognized as a distinct entity, removed from the 2016 update to the WHO classification of CNS tumors replaced by a ...
Article
Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered
Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered is a specific entity that represents the majority of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, although identical tumors are also found elsewhere in the midline (e.g. brainstem, spinal cord and thalamus) 1. They are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis and are ...
Article
Stent graft–induced new entry tear
A stent graft–induced new entry (SINE) tear refers to a new tear within an existing dissection flap caused by a stent graft placement. It excludes those arising from natural disease progression or iatrogenic injury from the endovascular manipulation. It is a potential complication from a thoraci...
Article
Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR)
Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR), also known as mechanical thrombectomy (MT) or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), is increasingly performed in patients presenting with large vessel occlusion (LVO), especially those with a large ischemic penumbra that is likely to progress to ischemic stroke. To ...
Article
False aneurysm
False aneurysms, also known as pseudoaneurysms, are abnormal outpouchings or dilatation of arteries which are bounded only by the tunica adventitia, the outermost layer of the arterial wall. These are distinguished from true aneurysms, which are bounded by all three layers of the arterial wall. ...
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