Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Weerakkody Y, Jones J, Bell D, et al. Symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 25 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-13488
Symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction is a type of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) where all fetal biometric parameters tend to be less than expected (below the 10th percentile) for the given gestational age. Both length and weight parameters are reduced.
Please, refer to the article on asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction for the discussion of asymmetrical IUGR.
As a general rule, fetuses with this type of IUGR pattern may present at an earlier stage in gestation compared with the asymmetrical IUGR pattern.
Etiology
- aneuploidic syndromes
- infections, e.g. TORCH 7
- other
- topical use of maternal fluorinated glucocorticoid (rare) 3
- external agents, e.g. nicotine, alcohol, heroin, ionizing radiation 7
Antenatal ultrasound
All sonographic biometric parameters tend to be symmetrically reduced. Therefore, fetuses have normal or near-normal:
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Differential considerations on ultrasound assessment include:
- incorrect dates
- lower end of normal variation, i.e. if parents are small
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1. Rosenberg A. The IUGR Newborn. Semin Perinatol. 2008;32(3):219-224. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.11.003
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2. Cox P & Marton T. Pathological Assessment of Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2009;23(6):751-764. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.06.006
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3. Katz V, Thorp J, Bowes W. Severe Symmetric Intrauterine Growth Retardation Associated with the Topical Use of Triamcinolone. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;162(2):396-397. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90394-m
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4. Salafia C, Minior V, Pezzullo J, Popek E, Rosenkrantz T, Vintzileos A. Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Infants of Less Than Thirty-Two Weeks' Gestation: Associated Placental Pathologic Features. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173(4):1049-1057. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)91325-4
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5. David A. Nyberg. Diagnostic Imaging of Fetal Anomalies. (2002) ISBN: 0781732115
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6. F. Bahlmann (Contributor), R. Bollmann (Contributor), R. Chaoui (Contributor). Ultrasound in Obstetrics and GynecologyDiagnostic Ultrasound in Obstetrics: Obstetrics. (2005) ISBN: 1588901475
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7. Eberhard Merz. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 1 Obstetrics. (2011) ISBN: 9783131614728
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