Hallux valgus

Changed by Henry Knipe, 20 Jan 2016

Updates to Article Attributes

Body was changed:

Show markup changes

A hallux valgus is fixed abduction of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. It is usually due to metatarsus primus varus which is medial deviation or adduction of the first metatarsal with an increased first-second metatarsal angle.

Radiographic appearance

Plain filmradiograph

A normal first metatarsophalangeal angle is &lt~~; 15~~;15° on AP radiograph; anything greater indicates hallux valgus. The 1~~^st~~- 2~~^nd~~first-second intermetatarsal angle should be &lt~~; 9~~;9°.

There is a close association between the degree of metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. The combined deformities are present to some degree in most patients. Hallux valgus may be a result of metatarsus primus varus, and surgical correction is often based on this theory.

~~Please refer to the Case 3 for angles measured.~~

Treatment and prognosis

As a surgical ~~intervension~~intervention, athe scarf osteotomy is widely used method ^4-5.

-<p>A <strong>hallux valgus</strong> is fixed abduction of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. It is usually due to <a href="/articles/metatarsus-primus-varus">metatarsus primus varus</a> which is medial deviation or adduction of the first metatarsal with an increased first-second metatarsal angle.</p><h4>Radiographic appearance</h4><h5>Plain film</h5><p>A normal first metatarsophalangeal angle is < 15° on AP radiograph; anything greater indicates hallux valgus. The 1<sup>st </sup>- 2<sup>nd</sup> intermetatarsal angle should be < 9°.</p><p>There is a close association between the degree of metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. The combined deformities are present to some degree in most patients. Hallux valgus may be a result of metatarsus primus varus, and surgical correction is often based on this theory.</p><p>Please refer to the Case 3 for angles measured.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>As a surgical intervension, a <a href="/articles/scarf-osteotomy">scarf osteotomy</a> is widely used method <sup>4-5</sup>.</p>
+<p>A <strong>hallux valgus</strong> is fixed abduction of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. It is usually due to <a href="/articles/metatarsus-primus-varus">metatarsus primus varus</a> which is medial deviation or adduction of the first <a title="metatarsal" href="/articles/metatarsal">metatarsal</a> with an increased first-second metatarsal angle.</p><h4>Radiographic appearance</h4><h5>Plain radiograph</h5><p>A normal first metatarsophalangeal angle is <15° on AP radiograph; anything greater indicates hallux valgus. The first-second intermetatarsal angle should be <9°.</p><p>There is a close association between the degree of metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. The combined deformities are present to some degree in most patients. Hallux valgus may be a result of metatarsus primus varus, and surgical correction is often based on this theory.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>As a surgical intervention, the <a href="/articles/scarf-osteotomy">scarf osteotomy</a> is widely used method <sup>4-5</sup>.</p>

Tags changed:

foot

Images Changes:

Image 1 Annotated image (Dorsoplantar) ( update )

Caption was changed:

Figure 1: ~~First~~first metatarsophalangeal angle

Position was set to .

Image 4 X-ray ( update )

Position was set to .

Image 5 X-ray (Frontal) ( update )

Position was set to .

Image 6 X-ray (Frontal) ( update )

Position was set to .

ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads

{"current_user":null,"inclusions":[{"imageId":19027127,"studyId":45564,"caseSlug":"hallux-valgus-first-metatarsophalangeal-angle-3","caption":"Figure 1: first metatarsophalangeal angle","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/19027127/273e90911228880d8f46a12073e13a_big_gallery.jpeg","isStack":false,"diagnosticCertainty":"confirmed_substantiated"},{"imageId":55421578,"studyId":108754,"caseSlug":"first-intermetatarsal-angle","caption":"Figure 2: intermetatarsal angle","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/55421578/AIM_big_gallery.jpeg","isStack":false,"diagnosticCertainty":"not_applicable"},{"imageId":55421580,"studyId":108755,"caseSlug":"tibial-sesamoid-position","caption":"Figure 3: tibial sesamoid position","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/55421580/DS_big_gallery.jpeg","isStack":false,"diagnosticCertainty":"not_applicable"},{"imageId":556283,"studyId":11454,"caseSlug":"hallux-valgus","caption":"Case 1","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/556283/4f7aeecba17927b11f702401020bb4_big_gallery.jpg","isStack":true,"diagnosticCertainty":"confirmed_substantiated"},{"imageId":590723,"studyId":12530,"caseSlug":"hallux-valgus-4","caption":"Case 2 ","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/590723/fdf7c90ed79d561eb1c3b4ee19c1e0_big_gallery.jpg","isStack":false,"diagnosticCertainty":"confirmed_substantiated"},{"imageId":2089187,"studyId":18242,"caseSlug":"hallux-valgus-bilateral","caption":"Case 3: with angles measured for assessment","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/2089187/94fafbfbd9140563e47ff6bcf25eac_big_gallery.jpeg","isStack":true,"diagnosticCertainty":"confirmed_substantiated"},{"imageId":1637009,"studyId":16058,"caseSlug":"splayfoot-and-hallux-valgus","caption":"Case 4","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/1637009/2eb289054396c18cbb07cbba963148_big_gallery.jpg","isStack":false,"diagnosticCertainty":"confirmed_substantiated"},{"imageId":53712103,"studyId":97724,"caseSlug":"first-metatarsophalangeal-angle-hallux-valgus","caption":"Case 5: 1st metatarsophalangeal angle measured 35°","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/53712103/metatars_big_gallery.jpeg","isStack":false,"diagnosticCertainty":"confirmed_substantiated"},{"imageId":62574619,"studyId":137650,"caseSlug":"splay-feet-1","caption":"Case 6: splay feet","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/62574619/c78657ce5e31f4fbacef8ff0d6da719ae080dc68cc8a489e44bb52b1747cc20f_big_gallery.jpeg","isStack":false,"diagnosticCertainty":"confirmed_substantiated"},{"imageId":63039068,"studyId":139588,"caseSlug":"hallux-valgus-hindfoot-valgus-and-pes-planus-4","caption":"Case 7: hallux valgus combined with pes planus and hindfoot valgus","thumbnail":"https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/63039068/663da3d9e6b2c781d86bbe834777497e388451836b7ed10cc461160e23f66656_big_gallery.jpeg","isStack":false,"diagnosticCertainty":"confirmed_substantiated"}],"ddx_inclusions":[],"lang":"us"}