Hallux valgus

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A hallux valgus is a description given to lateral deviation of the great toe. It may be compared to metatarsus primus varus which describes medial deviation of the first metatarsal with an increased first-second metatarsal angle.

Radiographic appearance

Plain film

A normal first metatarsophalangeal angle is < 15°; anything greater indicates hallux valgus. The 1^st- 2^nd intermetatarsal angle should be < 9°.

There is a close association between the degree of metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. The combined deformities are present to some degree in most patients. Hallux valgus may be a result of metatarsus primus varus, and surgical correction is often based on this theory.

Please refer to the Case 3 for angles measured.

Treatment and prognosis

As a surgical intervension, a scarf osteotomy is widely used method ^4-5.

-<p>A <strong>hallux valgus</strong> is a description given to lateral deviation of the great toe. It may be compared to <a title="metatarsus primus varus" href="/articles/metatarsus-primus-varus">metatarsus primus varus</a> which describes medial deviation of the first metatarsal with an increased first-second metatarsal angle.</p><h4>Radiographic appearance</h4><h5>Plain film</h5><p>A normal first metatarsophalangeal angle is < 15°; anything greater indicates hallux valgus. The 1<sup>st </sup>- 2<sup>nd</sup> intermetatarsal angle should be < 9°.</p><p>There is a close association between the degree of metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. The combined deformities are present to some degree in most patients. Hallux valgus may be a result of metatarsus primus varus, and surgical correction is often based on this theory.</p><p>Please refer to the Case 3 for angles measured.</p>
+<p>A <strong>hallux valgus</strong> is a description given to lateral deviation of the great toe. It may be compared to <a href="/articles/metatarsus-primus-varus">metatarsus primus varus</a> which describes medial deviation of the first metatarsal with an increased first-second metatarsal angle.</p><h4>Radiographic appearance</h4><h5>Plain film</h5><p>A normal first metatarsophalangeal angle is < 15°; anything greater indicates hallux valgus. The 1<sup>st </sup>- 2<sup>nd</sup> intermetatarsal angle should be < 9°.</p><p>There is a close association between the degree of metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. The combined deformities are present to some degree in most patients. Hallux valgus may be a result of metatarsus primus varus, and surgical correction is often based on this theory.</p><p>Please refer to the Case 3 for angles measured.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>As a surgical intervension, a <a href="/articles/scarf-osteotomy">scarf osteotomy</a> is widely used method <sup>4-5</sup>.</p>

References changed:

3. George HL, Casaletto J, Unnikrishnan PN et-al. Outcome of the scarf osteotomy in adolescent hallux valgus. J Child Orthop. 2009;3 (3): 185-90. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11832-009-0177-6">doi:10.1007/s11832-009-0177-6</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686817">Free text at pubmed</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19421795">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>
4. Berg RP, Olsthoorn PG, Pöll RG. Scarf osteotomy in hallux valgus: a review of 72 cases. Acta Orthop Belg. 2007;73 (2): 219-23. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17515234">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>
5. Crevoisier X, Mouhsine E, Ortolano V et-al. The scarf osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity: a review of 84 cases. Foot Ankle Int. 2002;22 (12): 970-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11783923">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>

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