Widening of the diploic space
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Widening of the diploic space refers to expansion of the spongy or cancellous bone between the inner and outer tables of the calvariumcalvaria. The diploic space is the medullary cavity of the skull, and a location of normal physiologic hematopoiesis in adults. Thus, expansion of this structure most commonly occurs in the setting of chronically increased intramedullary hematopoiesis. The widened appearance is most commonly bilateral.
Causes
Most commonly caused by systemic pathologies such as:
- chronic haemolytic disorders: may be associated with vertical striations running in diploic space giving rise to the characteristic hair on end sign
- sickle cell disease
- thalassaemia
- iron deficiency anaemia
-
andother chronic severe anaemias
- metabolic disorders
- overgrowth
- medication
- phenytoin
-<p><strong>Widening of the diploic space </strong>refers to expansion of the spongy or cancellous bone between the inner and outer tables of the calvarium. The diploic space is the medullary cavity of the skull, and a location of normal physiologic hematopoiesis in adults. Thus, expansion of this structure most commonly occurs in the setting of chronically increased intramedullary hematopoiesis. The widened appearance is most commonly bilateral.</p><h4>Causes</h4><p>Most commonly caused by systemic pathologies such as:</p><ul>-<li>chronic haemolytic disorders: may be associated with vertical striations running in diploic space giving rise to the characteristic <a href="/articles/hair-on-end-sign-mnemonic">hair on end sign</a>-</li>-<li><ul>-<li><a href="/articles/sickle-cell-disease">sickle cell disease</a></li>- +<p><strong>Widening of the diploic space </strong>refers to expansion of the spongy or cancellous bone between the inner and outer tables of the <a title="Calvaria" href="/articles/cranial-vault">calvaria</a>. The diploic space is the medullary cavity of the skull, and a location of normal physiologic hematopoiesis in adults. Thus, expansion of this structure most commonly occurs in the setting of chronically increased intramedullary hematopoiesis. The widened appearance is most commonly bilateral.</p><h4>Causes</h4><p>Most commonly caused by systemic pathologies such as:</p><ul>
- +<li>
- +<a title="Haemolytic anaemia" href="/articles/haemolytic-anaemia">chronic haemolytic disorders</a>: may be associated with vertical striations running in diploic space giving rise to the characteristic <a href="/articles/hair-on-end-sign-mnemonic">hair on end sign</a><ul>
- +<li><a title="Sickle cell disease (skeletal manifestations)" href="/articles/sickle-cell-disease-skeletal-manifestations-1">sickle cell disease</a></li>
-<li>and other chronic severe anaemias</li>-</ul></li>- +<li>other chronic severe anaemias</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
References changed:
- 1. Lloret I, Server A, Taksdal I. Calvarial lesions: a radiological approach to diagnosis. (2009) Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). 50 (5): 531-42. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02841850902795274">doi:10.1080/02841850902795274</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19353343">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 2. Hollar MA. The hair-on-end sign. (2001) Radiology. 221 (2): 347-8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2212991231">doi:10.1148/radiol.2212991231</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11687674">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 1. Lloret I et al, Calvarial Lesions: A Radiological Approach to Diagnosis, Acta Radiologica 2009, 50:5, 531-542
- 2. Hollar M, The Hair-on-End Sign, Radiology Signs in Imaging, November 2001 Volume 221, Issue 2
Systems changed:
- Haematology