Abdominal and pelvic anatomy

• anatomic position
• anatomic nomenclature
  • Terminologia Anatomica
    • superseded nomenclature
      • Nomina Anatomica
      • Basle Nomina Anatomica
• anatomic variants
  • accessory muscles
• regional anatomy
  • neuroanatomy
    • brain
    • spine
  • head and neck
  • thorax
  • abdomen and pelvis
  • upper limb
  • lower limb
• systems anatomy
  • endocrine system
  • lymphatic system
    • thoracic duct
    • right lymphatic duct
    • jugular trunks
    • subclavian trunks
    • bronchomediastinal trunks
    • lumbar trunks
    • intestinal trunk
    • lymph nodes
  • reticuloendothelial system
• labeled imaging anatomy cases
• osteology
  • skeleton
    • axial skeleton
    • appendicular skeleton
  • bones
    • macroscopic structure
      • diaphysis
      • metaphysis
        • metaepiphysis
        • metadiaphysis
      • epiphysis
        • cleft epiphysis
      • physis
      • apophysis
    • microscopic structure
      • cortical bone
      • cancellous bone
      • bone marrow
    • bone growth
      • fetal bone formation
        • notochord
      • developmental ossification
        • endochondral ossification
          • primary ossification
          • secondary ossification
        • intramembranous ossification
      • tubulation
    • bones types
      • long bones
      • short bones
        • accessory ossicles (ossicle)
      • flat bones
        • Wormian bones
      • irregular bones
      • sesamoid bones
    • nutrient foramen
• joints
  • structural types
    • fibrous joints 
      • syndesmoses
        • interosseous membrane
    • cartilaginous joints
      • synchondroses
      • symphyses
    • synovial joints
      • ball and socket joint
      • hinge joint
      • condyloid joint
      • saddle joint
      • pivot joint
      • plane joint
  • functional types
    • synarthroses
    • amphiarthroses
    • diarthroses
  • bursa
• muscles
• organs
  • embryology
    • mesenchyme
    • parenchyma
• skin
  • glomus body
• blood vessels
  • histology
    • intracranial arteries
• nerves
  • histology
    • Obersteiner-Redlich zone

The anatomy section is organized into seven expandable chapters based on regional body systems:

• neuroanatomy
  • brain
  • spine
• head and neck
• thorax
• abdomen and pelvis
• upper limb
• lower limb

Anatomy: Abdominopelvic

• skeleton of the abdomen and pelvis
  • lumbar spine
  • bony pelvis
    • innominate bones
      • pubis
        • pubic symphysis
        • obturator foramen
      • ischium
        • greater sciatic notch
        • lesser sciatic notch
      • ilium
  • sacrum
    • sacral hiatus
    • sacrotuberous ligament
    • sacrospinous ligament
    • greater sciatic foramen
    • lesser sciatic foramen
  • coccyx
    • anterior angulation of the coccyx
• muscles of the abdomen and pelvis
  • diaphragm
    • sternocostal triangle
  • anterior abdominal wall
    • Scarpa's fascia
    • muscles
      • external oblique muscle
        • inguinal ligament
        • lacunar ligament
      • internal oblique muscle
        • conjoint tendon
      • transversus abdominis muscle
      • rectus abdominis muscle
        • rectus sheath
        • linea alba
          • umbilicus
        • arcuate line
        • semilunar line
        • transversalis fascia
      • pyramidalis muscle
    • surface anatomy
  • posterior abdominal wall
    • psoas major muscle
    • psoas minor muscle
    • quadratus lumborum muscle
    • iliacus muscle
  • pelvic floor
    • levator ani muscle
    • coccygeus muscle
    • piriformis muscle
    • obturator internus muscle
• spaces of the abdomen and pelvis
  • anterior abdominal wall
    • sternocostal triangle
  • posterior abdominal wall
    • superior lumbar triangle
    • inferior lumbar triangle
    • iliopsoas compartment
  • abdominal cavity
    • peritoneum
      • peritoneal ligaments
        • left triangular ligament
        • right triangular ligament
        • falciform ligament
          • umbilical vein
            • ligamentum teres
          • veins of Sappey
        • omentum
          • hepatogastric ligament
        • gastrosplenic ligament
        • splenorenal ligament
      • mesentery
        • small bowel mesentery
          • root of the mesentery
        • mesoappendix
        • transverse mesocolon
        • sigmoid mesocolon
      • peritoneal spaces
        • supramesocolic space
          • right supramesocolic space
            • right subphrenic space
            • right subhepatic space
              • anterior right subhepatic space
              • posterior right subhepatic space (Morison pouch)
            • lesser sac
              • epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
          • left supramesocolic space (left perihepatic space)
            • left subhepatic space
              • anterior left subhepatic space
              • posterior left subhepatic space
            • left subphrenic space
              • anterior left subphrenic space
              • posterior left subphrenic (perisplenic) space
        • inframesocolic space
          • right inframesocolic space
          • left inframesocolic space
          • right paracolic gutter
          • left paracolic gutter
      • inguinal canal (mnemonic)
      • Hesselbach triangle
      • umbilical folds
        • median umbilical fold
        • medial umbilical folds
        • lateral umbilical folds
    • retroperitoneum
      • perirenal fascia
      • anterior pararenal space
      • perirenal space
        • perinephric bridging septa (of Kunin)
      • posterior pararenal space
        • properitoneal fat
      • great vessel space
      • lateroconal fascia
  • pelvic cavity
    • pelvic peritoneal space
      • rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
      • rectovesical pouch
    • retropubic space (of Retzius)
    • paravesical space
      • lateral fossa
      • supravesical fossa
    • presacral space
    • canal of Nuck
    • pudendal canal
    • obturator canal
  • perineum
    • urogenital triangle
      • superficial perineal pouch
      • perineal membrane
      • deep perineal pouch
    • anal triangle
    • ischioanal fossa
• abdominal and pelvic viscera
  • gastrointestinal tract
    • esophagus
      • phrenic ampulla
    • gastro-esophageal junction
    • stomach
      • rugal folds
    • small intestine
      • duodenum
        • Brunner gland
      • duodenojejunal flexure
      • jejunum
      • ileum
        • Meckel diverticulum
        • ileocecal valve
      • jejunum vs ileum
      • valvulae conniventes
    • large intestine
      • cecum
        • appendix
          • duplex appendix
      • colon
        • ascending colon
        • right colic flexure
        • descending colon
          • loop-to-loop colon
        • left colic flexure
        • transverse colon
        • sigmoid colon
      • rectum
        • mesorectal fascia
      • appendix epiploica
      • haustral folds
      • taeniae coli
    • anal canal
      • anal sphincters
  • spleen
    • variants
      • splenunculus
      • wandering spleen
      • asplenia
      • polysplenia
      • splenogonadal fusion
      • retrorenal spleen
  • hepatobiliary system
    • liver
      • beaver tail liver
      • ductus venosus
        • ligamentum venosum
      • porta hepatis
      • Riedel lobe
      • segmental liver anatomy (mnemonic)
      • supradiaphragmatic liver
    • biliary tree
      • common hepatic duct
      • cystic duct
        • ​common bile duct
          • ampulla of Vater
            • sphincter of Oddi
      • subvesical bile ducts
    • gallbladder
      • accessory gallbladder
        • gallbladder duplication
        • gallbladder triplication
      • gallbladder agenesis
      • Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
      • Phrygian cap
      • septate gallbladder 
  • endocrine system
    • adrenal gland
      • adrenal vessels
        • adrenal arteries
        • adrenal veins
      • chromaffin cells
      • variants
        • horseshoe adrenal gland
    • pancreas
      • pancreatic ducts
        • pancreatic duct diameter
        • variants
          • pancreas divisum
          • meandering main pancreatic duct
          • ansa pancreatica
          • anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction
      • variants
        • ectopic pancreatic tissue
        • annular pancreas
    • organs of Zuckerkandl
  • urinary system
    • kidney
      • renal pelvis
        • extrarenal pelvis
      • renal sinus
      • avascular plane of Brodel
      • variants
        • number
          • renal agenesis
          • supernumerary kidney
        • fusion
          • horseshoe kidney
            • sigmoid kidney
          • crossed fused renal ectopia
          • junctional parenchymal defect
          • pancake kidney
        • location
          • ectopic kidney
            • pelvic kidney
              • fused pelvic kidney
            • intrathoracic kidney
            • crossed renal ectopia
          • abnormal renal rotation
          • nephroptosis
        • shape
          • persistent fetal lobulation
          • hypertrophied column of Bertin
          • renal hilar lip
          • dromedary hump
          • faceless kidney
    • ureter
      • variants
        • ectopic ureter
        • duplex collecting system
          • Weigert-Meyer law
          • bifid ureter
          • ureteral duplication
        • retrocaval ureter
        • ureterocele
    • urinary bladder
      • detrusor
      • bladder neuroanatomy (micturition)
    • urethra
      • fossa navicularis
      • male urethra
        • verumontanum
        • prostatic utricle
        • musculus compressor nuda
      • female urethra
        • paraurethral glands
          • paraurethral ducts
    • embryology
      • metanephric blastema
      • ureteric bud
      • Wolffian duct
  • male reproductive system
    • prostate
    • seminal vesicles
    • ejaculatory duct
    • bulbourethral glands
    • urethral glands of Littré
    • spermatic cord (mnemonic)
      • ductus deferens
      • cremaster muscle
    • scrotum (mnemonic)
      • dartos muscle
      • epididymis
      • testes
        • descent
        • tunica vaginalis
        • tunica albuginea
        • testicular appendages
          • appendix of the testis
          • appendix of the epididymis
        • polyorchidism
          • bilobed testis
    • penis
  • female reproductive system
    • vulva
      • mons pubis
      • labia majora
      • labia minora
      • clitoris
        • bulbs of the vestibule
      • vestibule of the vulva
      • vaginal opening
        • hymen
      • Bartholin glands
    • vagina
      • fornix
    • uterus
      • cervix
        • parametrium
      • chorion
      • endometrium
      • placenta
        • basal plate
        • chorionic plate
        • variation in morphology
        • retroplacental complex
        • umbilical cord
          • Wharton jelly
    • Fallopian tubes
    • ovaries
      • ovarian follicle
        • dominant ovarian follicle
        • primary follicle
        • secondary follicle
        • mature vesicular follicle
        • corpus luteum
        • corpus albicans
        • cumulus oophorus
    • broad ligament (mnemonic) 
    • variant anatomy
      • retroverted uterus
      • congenital uterovaginal anomalies
        • transverse vaginal septum
        • Mullerian duct anomalies
          • uterine duplication anomalies
            • uterus didelphys
            • bicornuate uterus
            • septate uterus
          • uterine agenesis
          • unicornuate uterus
          • arcuate uterus
          • T-shaped uterus
    • embryology
      • Mullerian duct
• blood supply of the abdomen and pelvis
  • arteries
    • abdominal aorta
      • inferior phrenic artery
        • superior suprarenal artery
      • celiac artery
        • common hepatic artery (variant anatomy)
          • hepatic artery proper
            • left hepatic artery
              • middle hepatic artery
                • falciform artery
            • right hepatic artery
              • cystic artery
          • gastroduodenal artery
            • supraduodenal artery
            • right gastroepiploic artery
            • superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
          • right gastric artery
        • left gastric artery
        • splenic artery
          • left gastroepiploic artery
          • short gastric arteries
          • greater pancreatic artery
          • dorsal pancreatic artery
          • transverse pancreatic artery
      • superior mesenteric artery
        • inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
        • jejunal and ileal branches
        • ileocolic artery
          • appendicular artery
            • accessory appendicular artery
          • colic branch
        • right colic artery
        • middle colic artery
      • middle suprarenal artery
      • renal artery (variant anatomy)
        • inferior suprarenal artery
      • gonadal artery (ovarian artery | testicular artery)
      • inferior mesenteric artery
        • left colic artery
        • sigmoid arteries
        • superior rectal artery
      • lumbar arteries
      • median sacral artery
      • common iliac artery
        • external iliac artery
          • inferior epigastric artery
            • cremasteric artery
          • deep circumflex artery
        • internal iliac artery (mnemonic)
          • anterior division
            • umbilical artery
            • superior vesical artery
              • deferential artery
            • obturator artery
            • vaginal artery
            • inferior vesical artery
            • uterine artery
            • middle rectal artery
            • internal pudendal artery
            • inferior gluteal artery
          • posterior division (mnemonic)
            • iliolumbar artery
            • lateral sacral artery
            • superior gluteal artery
          • variant anatomy
            • persistent sciatic artery
            • corona mortis
  • portal venous system
    • portal vein
      • splenic vein
        • inferior mesenteric vein
      • superior mesenteric vein
      • left gastric vein (coronary vein)
  • veins
    • inferior vena cava
      • hepatic veins
        • accessory right inferior hepatic vein
      • renal vein
        • ascending lumbar communicant vein
        • gonadal vein
          • pampiniform plexus
        • suprarenal vein
        • variant anatomy
          • retro-aortic left renal vein
            • double retroaortic left renal vein
          • circumaortic left renal vein
      • pancreaticoduodenal veins
      • common iliac vein
        • internal iliac vein
          • internal pudendal vein
          • obturator vein
          • prostatic venous plexus
          • vesical venous plexus
          • uterine venous plexus
          • vaginal venous plexus
        • external iliac vein
      • variant caval anatomy
        • absent infrarenal inferior vena cava
        • azygos continuation
        • circumcaval ureter
        • circumaortic venous collar
        • Eustachian valve
        • left-sided IVC
        • IVC duplication
  • anastomoses
    • arterioarterial anastomoses
      • arc of Barkow
      • arc of Buhler
      • arc of Riolan
      • marginal artery of Drummond
    • portal-systemic venous collateral pathways
    • watershed areas
      • Griffiths point
      • Sudeck point
• lymphatics
  • lymph node groups
    • para-aortic lymph nodes
    • preaortic lymph nodes
    • portal and portocaval lymph nodes
    • gastric lymph node stations
    • peripancreatic lymph nodes
    • common iliac lymph nodes
    • external iliac lymph nodes
    • internal iliac lymph nodes
  • cisterna chyli
• innervation of the abdomen and pelvis
  • lumbar plexus
    • subcostal nerve
    • Iliohypogastric nerve
    • ilioinguinal nerve
    • genitofemoral nerve
    • lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
    • femoral nerve
    • obturator nerve
    • lumbosacral trunk
  • sacral plexus
    • lumbosacral trunk
    • sciatic nerve
    • superior gluteal nerve
    • inferior gluteal nerve
    • nerve to piriformis
    • perforating cutaneous nerve
    • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
    • parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
    • pudendal nerve
      • perineal branch
      • inferior rectal nerve
      • dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris
    • nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles
    • nerve to internal obturator and superior gemellus muscles