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Abducens nerve

Last revised by Yuranga Weerakkody on 20 May 2024

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data

Citation:

Gaillard F, Weerakkody Y, Glick Y, et al. Abducens nerve. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Oct 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-829

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-829

Permalink:

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/829

rID:

829

Article created:

2 May 2008, Frank Gaillard ◉ ◈

Disclosures:

At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.

View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures

Last revised:

20 May 2024, Yuranga Weerakkody ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was last revised Yuranga Weerakkody had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.

View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosures

Revisions:

38 times, by 16 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures

Systems:

Central Nervous System

Sections:

Anatomy

Tags:

nerve, neuroanatomy, anatomy rewrite, eye, orbit, cranial nerve

Synonyms:

Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Sixth cranial nerve
Abducent nerve (CN VI)
Nervus abducens
Nervus cranialis VI

The abducens nerve is the sixth cranial nerve (CN VI). It is a motor nerve responsible for abduction of the eye (TA: nervus abducens or nervus cranialis VI). It courses from the abducens nucleus, located in the dorsal pons, up to the cavernous sinus, via a long cisternal segment that is prone to injury, to its termination on the lateral rectus muscle.

It can be divided into five parts:

nucleus and intraparenchymal portion
cisternal portion
Dorello canal portion
cavernous sinus portion
orbital portion

Gross anatomy

Nucleus and intraparenchymal portion

The abducens nucleus is a small nucleus situated at the upper part of the rhomboid fossa beneath the facial colliculus within the pons. Fibers pass anterior through the pons medial to the facial nucleus to reach the pontomedullary junction.

Cisternal portion

The abducens nerve is the most medial of the nerves, emerging immediately below the pons (facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve lateral to it) at the pontomedullary junction into the prepontine cistern. It is located within the anterior pontine arachnoid membrane and courses anterosuperiorly towards the petrous apex and cavernous sinus.

Dorello canal

The abducens nerve pierces the dura mater inferior to the posterior clinoid process, enclosed within a fibrous sheath called the Dorello canal, and courses over the medial petrous apex towards the cavernous sinus. Its oblique course and relatively anchored position in the Dorello canal make it prone to stretching when raised intracranial pressure from a space-occupying lesion causes transtentorial herniation (a sixth nerve palsy is the classic lateralizing sign of an extradural hematoma).

Cavernous sinus portion

Within the cavernous sinus, the abducens nerve is located inferolateral to the internal carotid artery, medial to the lateral wall of the sinus.

Orbital portion

Having entered the orbit through the superior orbital fissure within the tendinous ring, it supplies the lateral rectus. It is the most inferior nerve passing through the tendinous ring, inferior to the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve.

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