Accepted abbreviations

There are a number of accepted abbreviations that we use on Radiopaedia.org. We would like the site to be as standardized as possible and we have therefore chosen our accepted abbreviations and would ask that where possible these are used:

• a.k.a. not aka (short for "also known as")
• cf. not c.f. (short for "confer", meaning "compare")
• e.g. not eg./e.g/eg (short for "exempli gratia", meaning "for example")
• et al. not et al or et. al. (short for "et alii", meaning "and others")
• etc. not etc (short for "etcetera", meaning "and so on")
  • if etc. appears at the end of a sentence only a single full-stop is needed, i.e. etc., not etc..
• fl. for years known to be alive/active (short for "floruit", meaning "flourished")
  • see biographical articles
• i.e. not ie./i.e/ie (short for "id est", meaning "that is")
• NB not n.b. (short for "nota bene", meaning "note well")
• vs not vs. (meaning "versus")
• x-ray not X-ray or xray or XRAY or any other wacky combination
  • X-ray is allowable when it forms the first word in a sentence or a title

Convenience acronyms

As a general note on abbreviations, please do not use abbreviations that are not widely known and used (convenience acronyms), e.g. UE for "uremic encephalopathy". There is no need to do this, as we don't need to worry about word length or count (as in journal articles). Read more about this: How to use acronyms. 

See also

• using e.g.
• e.g. vs i.e.