Acyanotic congenital heart disease
Acyanotic congenital heart disease comprises numerous etiologies, which can be divided into those with increased pulmonary vascularity (pulmonary plethora) and those with normal vascularity:
- increased pulmonary vascularity
-
normal pulmonary vascularity
- small shunts (see above)
- aortic valve stenosis
- aortic coarctation
- pulmonary stenosis
Note that certain congenital defects may initially cause acyanotic congenital heart disease and later cyanotic congenital heart disease. Conditions with a left-to-right shunt (e.g. VSD, ASD) may initially be acyanotic but over time can cause maladaptive changes in the right ventricle and pulmonary vasculature, leading to pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome. When this occurs, the shunt is reversed and deoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation.
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Congenital heart disease
There is more than one way to present the variety of congenital heart diseases. Whichever way they are categorized, it is helpful to have a working understanding of normal and fetal circulation, as well as an understanding of the segmental approach to imaging in congenital heart disease.
-
congenital heart disease
- subtypes
- normal relationship between chambers and valves
- shunting
- stenosis
- atrioventricular valves
- outflow tract
- great vessels
- venous inflow
- hypoplasia
- anomalous valves
- abnormal relationship of chambers and valves
- atrioventricular abnormality
- when associated with a univentricular heart
- atrioventricular discordance
- great vessel connection abnormality
- atrioventricular abnormality
- congenital heart disease - chest x-ray approach
-
surgical repairs (mnemonic)
- arterial switch procedure
- Blalock-Taussig shunt
- double switch procedure
- Fontan procedure
- Glenn procedure
- Mustard repair
- Norwood procedure
- Pott shunt
- pulmonary artery banding
- Rastelli procedure
- Sano shunt
- Senning repair
- total repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- unifocalisation procedure
- Waterston shunt