Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common procedure post ACL tear. It 's aim is to rebuild the anatomy and function of the native ACL and reduce knee joint instability, thus it will prevent any further meniscal and/or cartilage damage.
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Procedure
There are numerous surgical techniques for ACL reconstruction 1-3:
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autograft reconstruction
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bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft (BPTB)
The name indicates that surgeons take a little part of the bone alongside the tendon from both sides of the patella tendon attachments.
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hamstring autograft
It is usually composed of four-strand autograft from both semitendinosus and gracilis tendons
Iliotibial band
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allograft reconstruction
synthetic graft reconstruction
The bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft and four-strand hamstring autograft are the two most commonly employed techniques 1,2.
Fixation Techniques
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Suspensory fixation
This is a distant fixation, in which the implant is placed on the surface of the bone
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Aperture fixation
In this technique screws are placed near the joint openings of the tunnel
Hybrid fixation5
Complications
See article anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction complications for further details.
Outcomes
Clinical failure is reported in ~10% (range 6-12%) of patients 4. ~18% (range 14-22%) of patients develop symptomatic osteoarthritis post ACL reconstruction 1.
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