Anterior glenolabral injuries are common in the setting of anterior shoulder dislocation and comprise a number of closely related entities:
- Bankart lesion
- bony Bankart lesion
- anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA)
- Perthes lesion
- glenolabral articular disruption (GLAD)
- humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)
- bony humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (BHAGL)
These are discussed individually in their respective articles. Below are the key distinguishing features.
-
Perthes lesion
- anterior labrum avulsed, but minimally or undisplaced
- intact periosteal sleeve lifted off scapular neck
- inferior glenohumeral ligament complex remains attached to periosteum
-
ALPSA
- similar to Perthes but the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex displaced medially and 'bunched up'
- labrum displaced inferomedially
-
Bankart lesion
- torn labrum and periosteum
-
bony Bankart lesion
- same as Bankart lesion with associated osteochondral injury of the glenoid rim
-
GLAD
- only partial tear of the anterior labrum
- glenoid articular cartilage defect
-
HAGL
- more inferior
- avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament from its humeral insertion
-
BHAGL
- same as HAGL but with bony avulsion of the medial humerus
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