Barkovich classification of focal cortical dysplasia (historical)
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Rohit Sharma had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Rohit Sharma's current disclosuresBarkovich classifies focal cortical dysplasias, among his extensive classification system for malformations of cortical development, distributing them as follows:
type I and type IIb (transcortical dysplasia - Taylor type with balloon cells) as non-neoplastic malformations due to abnormal neuronal and glial proliferation or apoptosis
type IIa (transcortical dysplasia without balloon cells) as malformations due to abnormal cortical organization
In contrast, the Palmini classification, the leading classification system used for focal cortical dysplasia, based its classification purely on histopathological grounds, and has been largely replaced by the Blumcke classification of focal cortical dysplasia (2011).
References
- 1. Barkovich AJ, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD et-al. A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development. Neurology. 2005;65 (12): 1873-87. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000183747.05269.2d - Pubmed citation
- 2. Taylor DC, Falconer MA, Bruton CJ et-al. Focal dysplasia of the cerebral cortex in epilepsy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 1971;34 (4): 369-87. Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 3. Kabat J, KróL P. Focal cortical dysplasia - review. Pol J Radiol. 2012;77 (2): 35-43. Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
Incoming Links
Related articles: Malformations of the central nervous system
-
malformations of cortical development
- abnormal cell proliferation or apoptosis
- abnormal brain size
-
microcephaly
- with normal to simplified cortical pattern
- microcephaly with lissencephaly
- microcephaly with extensive polymicrogyria
- macrocephalies (megalencephaly/macrocephaly)
-
microcephaly
- abnormal cell proliferation
- non-neoplastic
- cortical hamartomas of tuberous sclerosis
- hemimegalencephaly
-
focal cortical dysplasia (Type I and Type IIb)
- Palmini classification (2004)
- Barkovich classification (2005)
- Blumcke classification (2011)
- neoplastic
- non-neoplastic
- abnormal neuronal migration
- lissencephaly
- lissencephaly type I: subcortical band heterotopia spectrum (band heterotopia): undermigration
- lissencephaly type II (cobblestone complex)
- heterotopia: ectopic migration
- subependymal heterotopia
- subcortical heterotopia (not including band heterotopia)
- marginal glioneuronal heterotopia
- lissencephaly
- abnormal cortical organization
- mild malformations of cortical development (previously microdysgenesis)
-
polymicrogyria and schizencephaly
- bilateral polymicrogyria syndromes
- schizencephaly
- focal cortical dysplasia (Type IIa)
- abnormal brain size
- not otherwise classified
- malformations secondary to inborn errors of metabolism
- mitochondrial and pyruvate metabolic disorders
- peroxisomal disorders
- other unclassified malformations
- malformations secondary to inborn errors of metabolism
- abnormal cell proliferation or apoptosis
-
midline abnormalities of the brain
- absent septum pellucidum
- cephaloceles
-
midline nasal region lesions
- nasal dermoid
- nasal glioma
- nasal dermal sinus
- cerebral hemispheres
-
holoprosencephaly/septo-optic dysplasia spectrum
- septo-optic dysplasia
- lobar holoprosencephaly
- semilobar holoprosencephaly
- alobar holoprosencephaly
- middle interhemispheric variant/syntelencephaly
-
holoprosencephaly/septo-optic dysplasia spectrum
- corpus callosum
- intracranial lipoma
-
malformations of the cerebellum
- cerebellar hypoplasia
- focal hypoplasia
- generalized hypoplasia
- with enlarged fourth ventricle
- normal fourth ventricle
- with normal pons
- with small pons
- normal foliation
- pontocerebellar hypoplasias of Barth, types I and II
- cerebellar hypoplasias, not otherwise specified
- normal foliation
- cerebellar dysplasia
- focal dysplasia
- isolated vermian dysplasia
- molar tooth malformations including Joubert syndrome
- rhombencephalosynapsis
- isolated hemispheric dysplasia
- focal cerebellar cortical dysplasias/heterotopia
- dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma
- isolated vermian dysplasia
- generalized dysplasia
- congenital muscular dystrophies
- cytomegalovirus
- lissencephaly with RELN mutation
- lissencephaly with agenesis of corpus callosum and cerebellar dysplasia
- associated with diffuse cerebral polymicrogyria
- diffusely abnormal foliation
- focal dysplasia
- cerebellar hypoplasia
- malformations of the brainstem