Restricted diffusion in the basal ganglia (and thalami) is seen in a variety of conditions, often associated with other signal abnormality of the basal ganglia. Care should be taken to confirm that increased signal on DWI actually represents restricted diffusion rather than merely T2 shine through.
It is important to note that each entity listed below has a variable pattern of involvement of the deep grey matter structures (basal ganglia and thalami).
Causes include 1:
- vascular thrombo-occlusive disease
- arterial infarction
- top of basilar syndrome
- perforator infarct (usually unilateral)
- artery of Percheron infarct
- deep cerebral venous thrombosis
- arterial infarction
- hemodynamic changes
- toxins
- metabolic
- neurodegenerative
- infections
- vitamin B1 deficiency
- others
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