Benedikt syndrome
Last revised by Mostafa El-Feky ◉ on 5 Mar 2023
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Di Muzio B, El-Feky M, Sharma R, et al. Benedikt syndrome. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 01 Oct 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-31290
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rID:
31290
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Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Bruno Di Muzio had no recorded disclosures.
View Bruno Di Muzio's current disclosuresLast revised:
5 Mar 2023, Mostafa El-Feky ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Mostafa El-Feky had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Mostafa El-Feky's current disclosuresRevisions:
10 times, by 5 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Sections:
Synonyms:
- Paramedian midbrain syndrome
- Benedikt's syndrome
Benedikt syndrome, or paramedian midbrain syndrome, is a midbrain stroke syndrome that involves the fascicles of the oculomotor nerve and the red nucleus.
On this page:
Clinical presentation
- ipsilateral CN III palsy 1-4
- crossed hemiataxia 1-4
- crossed choreoathetosis 1-4
Pathology
It is usually caused by an ischemic stroke, typically involving branches of the posterior cerebral artery 1-4.
Radiographic features
Using imaging alone, it is difficult to distinguish Benedikt syndrome from Weber syndrome, unless clear involvement of the red nucleus can be identified, which is seen in the former 1-4.
History and etymology
The syndrome was first described by Moritz Benedikt (1835-1920), a Hungarian-Austrian neurologist, in 1889 5.
References
- 1. Jacobs DA, Galetta SL. Neuro-ophthalmology for neuroradiologists. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28 (1): 3-8. Pubmed citation
- 2. Cormier PJ, Long ER, Russell EJ. MR imaging of posterior fossa infarctions: vascular territories and clinical correlates. Radiographics. 1992;12 (6): 1079-96. doi:10.1148/radiographics.12.6.1439013 - Pubmed citation
- 3. Liu GT, Crenner CW, Logigian EL, Charness ME, Samuels MA. Midbrain syndromes of Benedikt, Claude, and Nothnagel: setting the record straight. Neurology. 42 (9): 1820-2. Pubmed
- 4. Allan Ropper, Joshua Klein, Martin Samuels. Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology 10th Edition. (2014) ISBN: 9780071794794 - Google Books
- 5. Benedikt M. Tremblement avec paralysie croisee du moteur oculaire commun. Bull Med Paris 1889;3:547-548.
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ischemic stroke
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- signs
- by region
- hemispheric infarcts
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brainstem infarct
- midbrain infarct
- Benedikt syndrome: PCA
- Claude syndrome: PCA
- Nothnagel syndrome: PCA
- Weber syndrome: PCA
- Wernekink commissure syndrome
- pontine infarct
- Brissaud-Sicard syndrome
- facial colliculus syndrome
- Gasperini syndrome: basilar artery or AICA
- inferior medial pontine syndrome (Foville syndrome): basilar artery
- lateral pontine syndrome (Marie-Foix syndrome): basilar artery or AICA
- locked-in syndrome: basilar artery
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- medullary infarct
- Babinski-Nageotte syndrome
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- by vascular territory
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- complications
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intracranial hemorrhage
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intra-axial hemorrhage
- signs and formulas
- ABC/2 (volume estimation)
- black hole sign
- blend sign
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- by type
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- extra-axial hemorrhage
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intra-axial hemorrhage
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